summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/libpthread/nptl
AgeCommit message (Collapse)Author
5 daystree: Remove ^LPetr Vorel
Remove ^L (0x0c) chars from source code. Signed-off-by: Petr Vorel <petr.vorel@gmail.com>
6 daysProvide fixups for riscv32.Dmitry Chestnykh
- Use TIME64 by default for rv32, usage of 32-bit time leads to a lot of incompatibilities with linux kernel 6.6.x and later versions. - Add some other corrections to use proper system calls on riscv32 platform. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2024-03-20riscv32: sync with riscv64Waldemar Brodkorb
2024-03-19riscv64: clone behaves like on aarch64, fixes tst-basic3, reported by sorearWaldemar Brodkorb
2024-03-19riscv64: sync with glibc, fix all TLS errors in uClibc-ng-testWaldemar Brodkorb
2024-03-03riscv32: add basic support for NPTLWaldemar Brodkorb
2024-02-28libc: Pass 64bit-only time structures to syscalls.Dmitry Chestnykh
With time64 enabled we need to pass structure which consists of two 64bit fields to clock_gettime64() and clock_nanosleep_time64() syscalls with proper conversion to regular timespec structure after syscall execution. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2024-02-26Add time64 support for MIPS32.Dmitry Chestnykh
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2024-02-25Add support for using time64 on big-endian machines.Dmitry Chestnykh
For BE architectures there is one significant difference in comparison with time64 support for little-endian architectures like ARMv7. The difference is that we strictly need to pass two 64bit values to system calls because Linux Kernel internally uses `struct __kernel_timespec` and similar, which consists of two 64bit fields. For this reason many files have been changed to convert pointers to timespec-family structures (mixed of 64bit and 32bit values) to the pointer of the similar but 64bit-only structures for using as system calls args. This is general prerequisite for any BE architecture. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2024-02-25Remove unneeded comparisons.Dmitry Chestnykh
Inside `if` branches the conditions `as->ino == bs->ino` and `as->dev == bs->dev` are always false. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2024-02-22Introduce time64 support.Dmitry Chestnykh
This patch introduces *time64 syscalls support for uClibc-ng. Currently the redirection of syscalls to their *time64 analogs is fully supported for 32bit ARM (ARMv5, ARMv6, ARMv7). The main changes that take effect when time64 feature is enabled are: - sizeof(time_t) is 8. - There is a possibility os setting date beyond year 2038. - some syscalls are redirected: clock_adjtime -> clock_adjtime64 clock_getres -> clock_getres_time64 clock_gettime -> clock_gettime64 clock_nanosleep -> clock_nanosleep_time64 clock_settime -> clock_settime64 futex -> futex_time64 mq_timedreceive -> mq_timedreceive_time64 mq_timedsend -> mq_timedsend_time64 ppoll -> ppoll_time64 pselect6 -> pselect6_time64 recvmmsg -> recvmmsg_time64 rt_sigtimedwait -> rt_sigtimedwait_time64 sched_rr_get_interval -> sched_rr_get_interval_time64 semtimedop -> semtimedop_time64 timer_gettime -> timer_gettime64 timer_settime -> timer_settime64 timerfd_gettime -> timerfd_gettime64 timerfd_settime -> timerfd_settime64 utimensat -> utimensat_time64. - settimeofday uses clock_settime (like in glibc/musl). - gettimeofday uses clock_gettime (like in glibc/musl). - nanosleep uses clock_nanosleep (like in glibc/musl). - There are some fixes in data structures used by libc and kernel for correct data handling both with and without enabled time64 support. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chestnykh <dm.chestnykh@gmail.com>
2023-11-09libpthread/nptl: make default stack size configurableBen Wolsieffer
Threads currently have 2-4 MiB stacks by default (depending on the platform). This is fine on MMU platforms, where this stack space is not actually allocated until it is used, but tends to waste a large amount of memory on no-MMU platforms. This patch adds a PTHREADS_STACK_DEFAULT_SIZE Kconfig option that allows the user to override the default stack size at build time. This allows the user to select a reasonable default stack size for the software that runs on their system, and avoids the need to patch every package to add calls to pthread_attr_setstacksize(). An alternative to this patch would be to change the hardcoded default stack size on no-MMU platforms, but it is difficult to choose an appropriate value because the minimum required stack depends on the software in use. This would also be a breaking change. Signed-off-by: Ben Wolsieffer <ben.wolsieffer@hefring.com>
2023-10-28Fix -Warray-parameter warning for __sigsetjmpPavel Kozlov
Fix the [-Warray-parameter=] warning for __sigsetjmp generated by GCC 11 and later GCC versions: | | warning: argument 1 of type 'struct __jmp_buf_tag *' declared as a pointer [-Warray-parameter=] | extern int __sigsetjmp (struct __jmp_buf_tag *__env, int __savemask) __THROWNL; | ... | note: previously declared as an array 'struct __jmp_buf_tag[1]' | extern int __sigsetjmp (struct __jmp_buf_tag __env[1], int __savemask) | Use the same fix as in glibc. The fix is to move the struct __jmp_buf_tag definition to a separate bits/ header so it can be included in pthread.h, to allow to use an array (as in setjmp.h) rather than a pointer in the declaration. Signed-off-by: Pavel Kozlov <pavel.kozlov@synopsys.com>
2022-09-21static pie: fix building static PDEMax Filippov
When uclibc is built with static PIE support the _dl_load_base variable shared between the libc-tls.c and reloc_static_pie.c creates the dependency that requires linking reloc_static_pie.o into static position-dependent executables resulting in the following build errors: gcc -static test.c -o test ...ld: ...usr/lib/libc.a(reloc_static_pie.os):(.text+0x0): undefined reference to `_DYNAMIC' Move _dl_load_base definition to libc-tls.c to resolve this dependency and fix static PDE build. Signed-off-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
2022-09-07nptl: use mmap to allocate initial TLS data for static PIE on noMMUMax Filippov
Static PIE ELFs may be loaded on noMMU linux platforms with FDPIC support, but they don't have adjustable brk, and thus cannot allocate memory for the TLS. Use mmap instead of sbrk to allocate initial TLS memory when building with static PIE support for noMMU. Signed-off-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
2022-07-26Added support for creation of Static Position-Independent Executables (PIE) ↵linted
on i386, x86_64, and arm. This patch adds the generation of rcrt1.o which is used by gcc when compiling with the --static-pie flag. rcrt1.o differs from crt1.o and Scrt1.o in that it the executable has a dynamic section but no relocations have been performed prior to _start being called. crt1.o assumes there to be no dynamic relocations, and Scrt1.o has all relocations performed prior to execution by lsdo. The new reloc_static_pie function handles parsing the dynamic section, and performing the relocations in a architecture agnostic method. It also sets _dl_load_base which is used when initalizing TLS to ensure loading from the proper location. This allows for easier porting of static-pie support to additional architectures as only modifications to crt1.S to find the load address are required. Signed-off-by: linted <linted@users.noreply.github.com>
2021-12-24Fix -Wundef related warningsYann Sionneau
Signed-off-by: Yann Sionneau <ysionneau@kalray.eu>
2021-04-18libpthread/nptl: create timer thread with sufficiant stack size (account for ↵Peter Seiderer
TLS) Create timer thread with sufficiant stack size (take into account allocated space for thread-local-storage), for this backport glibc commit 'Create internal threads with sufficient stack size' ([1], [2]) introducing __pthread_get_minstack() and use it in __start_helper_thread(). Fixes timer_create() in case of linking with library using large TLS area (e.g openblas, see [3]). [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=2c1094bd700e63a8d7f547b3f5495bedb55c0a08 [2] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=630f4cc3aa019ede55976ea561f1a7af2f068639 [3] http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/buildroot/2021-April/308281.html Signed-off-by: Peter Seiderer <ps.report@gmx.net>
2020-10-02kvx: add support for kvx arch to uClibc-ngYann Sionneau
This commit adds support for Kalray VLIW family (kvx) Kalray kv3 core is embedded in Kalray Coolidge SoC. This core which is the third of the KV family has the following features: 32/64 bits execution mode 6-issue VLIW architecture 64 x 64bits general purpose registers SIMD instructions little-endian In order to build a usable toolchain, build scripts are provided at the following address: https://github.com/kalray/build-scripts. Kalray uses FOSS which is available at https://github.com/kalray This includes Linux kernel, uClibc-ng, gcc, binutils, etc. Signed-off-by: Clément Léger <cleger@kalray.eu> Signed-off-by: Guillaume Thouvenin <gthouvenin@kalray.eu> Signed-off-by: Laurent Thevenoux <lthevenoux@kalray.eu> Signed-off-by: Marc Poulhies <mpoulhies@kalray.eu> Signed-off-by: Marius Gligor <mgligor@kalray.eu> Signed-off-by: Yann Sionneau <ysionneau@kalray.eu>
2020-09-22Fix warning due to unused label in NPTLYann Sionneau
Fixes this: In file included from libpthread/nptl/pthread_create.c:48:0: libpthread/nptl/allocatestack.c: In function 'allocate_stack': libpthread/nptl/allocatestack.c:602:6: warning: label 'mprot_error' defined but not used [-Wunused-label] mprot_error: ^~~~~~~~~~~ Signed-off-by: Yann Sionneau <ysionneau@kalray.eu>
2020-09-02Revert "Fix static linking with GCC-10"Waldemar Brodkorb
This reverts commit 5b58a1ebd89a4f05778441814e81817c82193fa3. This breaks all static builds earlier to gcc 10 :( Bad testing on my side.
2020-08-11Fix static linking with GCC-10Lance Fredrickson
Starting with GCC-10 multiple definitions of global variables by will be rejected. https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-10/porting_to.html This fixes multiple definitions of _dl_pagesize and _dl_tls_static_size while attempting static linking. Of course this only occurs when compiling something that requires these symbols. First patch submission so hopefully all done correctly. thanks, Lance Fredrickson From e0686f7c03ce8e51ccffefeb6365e50311e6dd10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lancethepants <lancethepants@gmail.com> Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 13:09:26 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] Starting with GCC-10 multiple definitions of global variables by will be rejected. This fixes multiple definitions of _dl_pagesize and _dl_tls_static_size while attempting static linking.
2020-08-11xtensa: add exclusive access supportMax Filippov
Add XCHAL definitions for S32C1I and EXCLUSIVE options to xtensa-config.h, include it in places that implement atomic operations and add implementations with exclusive access option opcodes. Signed-off-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
2020-07-02Rename __unused struct members to include a namespaceEd Wildgoose
Rename various spare fields in structs to include a namespace This should avoid accidental clashes with uses of the __unused symbol in upstream projects. eg currently it causes a compile error in dhcpcd 8.x due to their re-use of the __unused symbol as a macro This follows the style of glibc which does something equivalent
2019-11-17riscv64: fix DB_THREAD_SELF, fixes 4 testsuite failuresWaldemar Brodkorb
2019-11-17riscv64: fix comments borrowed from or1k portYann Sionneau
Signed-off-by: Yann Sionneau <ysionneau@kalray.eu>
2019-11-08riscv64: implement NPTL/TLSWaldemar Brodkorb
basically from or1k port of uClibc-ng, with fixes for structures in pthreadtypes.h from 64 bit architectures. 18 testsuite failures counted.
2019-10-30Make __syscall_error return long, as expected by syscall() callersCarlos Santos
The return type of syscall() is long so __syscall_error, which is jumped to by syscall handlers to stash an error number into errno, must return long too otherwhise it returs 4294967295L instead of -1L. For example, syscall for x86_64 is defined in libc/sysdeps/linux/x86_64/syscall.S as syscall: movq %rdi, %rax /* Syscall number -> rax. */ movq %rsi, %rdi /* shift arg1 - arg5. */ movq %rdx, %rsi movq %rcx, %rdx movq %r8, %r10 movq %r9, %r8 movq 8(%rsp),%r9 /* arg6 is on the stack. */ syscall /* Do the system call. */ cmpq $-4095, %rax /* Check %rax for error. */ jae __syscall_error /* Branch forward if it failed. */ ret /* Return to caller. */ In libc/sysdeps/linux/x86_64/__syscall_error.c, __syscall_error is defined as int __syscall_error(void) attribute_hidden; int __syscall_error(void) { register int err_no __asm__ ("%rcx"); __asm__ ("mov %rax, %rcx\n\t" "neg %rcx"); __set_errno(err_no); return -1; } So __syscall_error returns -1 as a 32-bit int in a 64-bit register, %rax (0x00000000ffffffff, whose decimal value is decimal 4294967295) and a test like this always returns false: if (syscall(number, ...) == -1) foo(); Fix the error by making __syscall_error return a long, like syscall(). The problem can be circumvented by the caller by coercing the returned value to int before comparing it to -1: if ((int) syscall(number, ...) == -1) foo(); The same problem probably occurs on other 64-bit systems but so far only x86_64 was tested, so this change must be considered experimental. Signed-off-by: Carlos Santos <unixmania@gmail.com>
2019-04-14Fix _dl_deallocate_tls in !SHARED caseYann Sionneau
This patch seems needed in builds where - SHARED is not defined (no shared lib support) - and USE_TLS is set Without this patch, static_dtv is free'ed. See the following backtrace: 0 __do_check_chunk (p=0x52638 <fork_handler_pool+2296>) at libc/stdlib/malloc-standard/malloc.c:80 1 0x0000000000017fa0 in __do_check_inuse_chunk (p=0x52638 <fork_handler_pool+2296>) at libc/stdlib/malloc-standard/malloc.c:143 2 0x0000000000017354 in free (mem=0x52648 <static_dtv>) at libc/stdlib/malloc-standard/free.c:293 3 0x000000000002d5b0 in _dl_deallocate_tls (tcb=0x58690, dealloc_tcb=false) at libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/generic/dl-tls.c:588 4 0x0000000000021c0c in __deallocate_stack (pd=0x58000) at libpthread/nptl/allocatestack.c:717 5 0x0000000000024408 in __free_tcb (pd=0x58000) at libpthread/nptl/pthread_create.c:217 6 0x00000000000200ac in pthread_join (threadid=360448, thread_return=0x0 <k1c_start>) at libpthread/nptl/pthread_join.c:109 7 0x0000000000010354 in tf (a=0x58000) at tst-basic3.c:42 8 0x00000000000247c8 in start_thread (arg=0x4000200960) at libpthread/nptl/pthread_create.c:285 9 0x0000000000026560 in ?? () This backtrace is obtained while debugging tst-basic3 from the uclibc-ng nptl testsuite. It aborts because of the assert in malloc: https://elixir.bootlin.com/uclibc-ng/v1.0.31/source/libc/stdlib/malloc-standard/malloc.c#L80 Signed-off-by: Yann Sionneau <ysionneau@kalray.eu>
2018-12-14several patches for uclibc nghan_mao@c-sky.com
I've got several patches to fix ltp/openmp/uclibc-ng-test testcase fail on c-sky. - fix a ltp testcase. - fix the problem that pthread creat will fail when libomp is linked before libc, the variable pagesize is not init. - fix tst-cancel4 and tst-cancel16. tst-cancelx4 and tst-cancelx16 still fail with this patch applied, cleanup handler is not called for open/creat/fcntl, seems some thing wrong with unwind, I haven't check the rootcause yet.
2018-08-10nptl: Replace sbrk with mmapChristophe Lyon
Replace sbrk with mmap since this commit disables sbrk area for FDPIC MMU-less platform: fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c: fix brk area overlap with stack on NOMMU https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c?id=4ac313111018cb44ecc250445de5ccb93026a980 * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/generic/libc-tls.c (__libc_setup_tls): Handle __FDPIC__. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Clear TLS area for static binaries.Christophe Lyon
busybox init checks it has pid 1, but getpid() returns another value when building busybox statically. This is because the corresponding area is not cleared when allocated (it is allocated with MAP_UNINITIALIZED, whose behavior depends on the Linux kernel's CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED). This patch fixes the problem by explicitly clearing the memory area. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/generic/libc-tls.c (__libc_tls_setup): Clear tlsblock. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Add pthread_mutex_getprioceiling and pthread_mutex_setprioceiling supportChristophe Lyon
* libpthread/nptl/Makefile.in (libpthread-routines-): Remove pthread_mutex_getprioceiling.c and pthread_mutex_setprioceiling.c. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Allow sem_open to work on MMU-less systemsChristophe Lyon
Allow both tmpfs and ramfs for shm devices. * libpthread/nptl/linux_fsinfo.h (SHMFS_SUPER_MAGIC_WITH_MMU): Define. (SHMFS_SUPER_MAGIC_WITHOUT_MMU): Define. * libpthread/nptl/sem_open.c (__where_is_shmfs): Add support for SHMFS_SUPER_MAGIC_WITHOUT_MMU. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Use linker-defined symbol to find start of .tdata section.Christophe Lyon
phdr->p_vaddr of TLS segment is not a valid value for FDPIC so we can either translate phdr->p_vaddr using loadmap (not easy here) or use a new linker script defined symbol, whih this patch does. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/generic/libc-tls.c (__tdata_start): Declare. (__libc_setup_tls): Support __FDPIC__. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Do not use madviseChristophe Lyon
start_thread() uses it, but it is not supported on MMU-less systems. * libpthread/nptl/pthread_create.c (start_thread): Call madvise only if __ARCH_USE_MMU__ is defined. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: Disable fork and atfork on MMU-less systems.Christophe Lyon
They do not work on MMU-less systems. For atfork, implement a hidden function that always returns EPERM. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/fork.c: Disable if __ARCH_USE_MMU__ is not defined. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/libc_pthread_init.c (__libc_pthread_init): Handle __ARCH_USE_MMU__. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/register-atfork.c: Likewise. * libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/unregister-atfork.c: Likewise. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-08-10nptl: disable mprotect usage in stack protectionChristophe Lyon
Since mprotect does not work on MMU-less systems, disable it if __ARCH_USE_MMU__ is not defined. * libpthread/nptl/allocatestack.c (change_stack_perm): Call mprotect only if __ARCH_USE_MMU__ is defined. (allocate_stack): Likewise. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com> Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
2018-02-03add libc version compatibilityWaldemar Brodkorb
2018-01-15libpthread/nptl: bugfix malloc segfault in race conditions.Guo Ren
In libc/sysdeps/linux/common/bits/uClibc_pthread.h: extern void weak_function _pthread_cleanup_push_defer(...) This *weak_function* declaration will cause nptl/cleanup_defer_compat.c: strong_alias (...) !!!FAIL!!!, because it include pthreadP.h->pthread.h ->uClibc_pthread.h That means: Readelf -s libpthread/nptl/cleanup_defer_compat.o you will get: 18: 00000000 198 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT 1 _pthread_cleanup_push_def Readelf -s libc/misc/internals/__uClibc_main.o you will also get: 32: 00000038 58 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT 1 _pthread_cleanup_push_def Final: gcc malloc_pthread_test.c -lpthread The libc/stdlib/malloc-standard/malloc.c:839 (__MALLOC_LOCK-> _pthread_cleanup_push_def) will use the one in __uClibc_main.o !!!not in cleanup_defer_compat.o!!!, becasue two cleanup_defer_compat in libc.a with the same weak declarations and the __uClibc_main.o is close to front. ==== All of malloc/free will failed in muti-threads' race conditions probabilistic. As it happens, uClibc-0.9.33.2 is OK, Becasue: It's seperated in libpthread.a and libc.a, and the libc.a is the last lib for ld internal-cmd, and malloc will get right cleanup_defer_compat from libpthread.a. This BUG is from 2016-09-24 to now: >>> commit 29ff9055c80efe77a7130767a9fcb3ab8c67e8ce Author: Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@uclibc-ng.org> Date: Sat Sep 24 02:55:31 2016 +0200 use a single libc and deduplicate threading code Similar to musl libc a single libc has many benefits and solves some open issues with uClibc-ng. - no pthread_mutex_* weak symbols exported anymore - applications no longer failing to link when either -lrt or -lpthread are missing for dynamic and static linking mode - smaller C library - slightly better runtime performance <<< Perharps we need carefully check all of the impact about that commit. Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <ren_guo@c-sky.com>
2018-01-15nptl: use generic lowlevellock.h for most architecturesWaldemar Brodkorb
Only mips/x86/x86_64 needs a special version of lowlevellock.h. No regressions found.
2017-12-31m68k: add NPTL/TLS supportWaldemar Brodkorb
Port over NPTL/TLS support from GNU C Library. In the first step only the slower syscall is used for TLS access. The uClibc-ng testsuite shows 79 errors, so their is room for bugfixes and improvements.
2017-12-28csky: add Copyright.Guo Ren
Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <ren_guo@c-sky.com>
2017-12-16sh: remove assembly code from NPTLWaldemar Brodkorb
2017-11-25or1k: Fix tls value passed during cloneStafford Horne
From or1k-glibc from blueCmd, his commit "Fix TLS, removed too much in rebase". Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
2017-11-25or1k: correctly pass tid in 4th paramStafford Horne
2017-11-22librt: fix broken posix_spawnWaldemar Brodkorb
Fix iteration over signals, synced with GNU C library code and pending patches. Issues found when running dhcpcd with hook scripts. (exit status 127) Reported-By: kapeka <kapeka@bering-uclibc.de>
2017-11-19csky: port to uclibc-ngGuo Ren
Follow the steps to build c-sky uclibc linux system: 1. git clone https://github.com/c-sky/buildroot.git 2. cd buildroot 3. make qemu_csky_ck810_uclibc_defconfig 4. make Follow the buildroot/board/qemu/csky/readme.txt to run. This buildroot toolchain is pre-build, But you can rebuild the c-sky uclibc-ng alone and install it to the buildroot sysroot manually. We'll try our best to improve the uclibc-ng continuously. Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <ren_guo@c-sky.com>
2017-11-18use the right file for tls in buildStafford Horne
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
2017-11-18use atomic instructions for atomicsStafford Horne
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>