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-rw-r--r--test/pthread/Makefile8
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/Makefile.in10
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/cancellation-points.c286
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex1.c35
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex2.c113
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex3.c152
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex4.c107
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex5.c102
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex6.c44
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex7.c106
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/ex8-mtx-odd.c56
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/tst-c99.c2
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/tst-join2.c103
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/tst-join3.c122
-rw-r--r--test/pthread/tst-too-many-cleanups.c104
15 files changed, 1350 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/test/pthread/Makefile b/test/pthread/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97ebee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# uClibc pthread tests
+# Licensed under the LGPL v2.1, see the file COPYING.LIB in this tarball.
+
+top_builddir=../../
+top_srcdir=../../
+include ../Rules.mak
+-include Makefile.in
+include ../Test.mak
diff --git a/test/pthread/Makefile.in b/test/pthread/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd6b29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# uClibc pthread tests
+# Licensed under the LGPL v2.1, see the file COPYING.LIB in this tarball.
+
+TESTS_DISABLED += cancellation-points
+
+EXTRA_LDFLAGS := -lpthread
+
+LDFLAGS_cancellation-points := -lrt
+
+CFLAGS_tst-c99 := -std=c99
diff --git a/test/pthread/cancellation-points.c b/test/pthread/cancellation-points.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5453060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/cancellation-points.c
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * Make sure functions marked as cancellation points actually are.
+ * http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_09.html#tag_02_09_05
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+
+#include <features.h>
+#include <sys/ipc.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/msg.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <mqueue.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* take care of optional things ... */
+#define STUB(func, args) static void func args { sleep(0); }
+#if defined(__UCLIBC_AIO__)
+# include <aio.h>
+#else
+STUB(aio_suspend, (void *p, int n, const void *p2))
+#endif
+#if defined(__UCLIBC_STROPTS__)
+# include <stropts.h>
+#else
+STUB(getmsg, (int f, void *p, void *p2, void *p3))
+STUB(getpmsg, (int f, void *p, void *p2, void *p3, void *p4))
+STUB(putmsg, (int f, void *p, void *p2, void *p3))
+STUB(putpmsg, (int f, void *p, void *p2, void *p3, void *p4))
+#endif
+#if defined(__UCLIBC__)
+STUB(clock_nanosleep, (int i, int f, const void *p, void *p2))
+#endif
+
+int cnt;
+bool ready;
+
+void cancel_timeout(int sig)
+{
+ ready = false;
+}
+void cancel_thread_cleanup(void *arg)
+{
+ ready = false;
+}
+
+/* some funcs need some help as they wont take NULL args ... */
+const struct timespec zero_sec = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0 };
+
+sem_t sem;
+void help_sem_setup(void)
+{
+ if (sem_init(&sem, 0, 1) == -1) {
+ perror("sem_init() failed");
+ exit(-1);
+ }
+}
+
+pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
+pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+void help_pthread_setup(void)
+{
+ pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
+}
+
+/* the pthread function that will call the cancellable function over and over */
+#define _MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(func, sysfunc, args, setup) \
+void *cancel_thread_##func(void *arg) \
+{ \
+ if (pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED, NULL)) { \
+ perror("unable to set cancel type to deferred; something is seriously broken"); \
+ exit(-1); \
+ } \
+ pthread_cleanup_push(cancel_thread_cleanup, NULL); \
+ setup; \
+ ready = true; \
+ while (ready) \
+ sysfunc args; \
+ pthread_cleanup_pop(1); \
+ return NULL; \
+}
+#define MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_RE(func, sysfunc, args) _MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(func, sysfunc, args, (void)0)
+#define MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(func, args, setup) _MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(func, func, args, setup)
+#define MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(func, args) _MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(func, func, args, (void)0)
+
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(accept, (-1, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(aio_suspend, (NULL, 0, &zero_sec))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(clock_nanosleep, (0, 0, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(close, (-1))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(connect, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(creat, ("", 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(fcntl, (0, F_SETLKW, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(fdatasync, (-1))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(fsync, (0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(getmsg, (-1, NULL, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(getpmsg, (-1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(lockf, (-1, F_TEST, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(mq_receive, (0, NULL, 0, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(mq_send, (0, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(mq_timedreceive, (0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(mq_timedsend, (0, NULL, 0, 0, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(msgrcv, (-1, NULL, 0, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(msgsnd, (-1, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(msync, (NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(nanosleep, (NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(open, ("", 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(pause, ())
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(poll, (NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(pread, (-1, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(pselect, (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(pthread_cond_timedwait, (&cond, &mutex, &zero_sec), help_pthread_setup())
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(pthread_cond_wait, (&cond, &mutex), help_pthread_setup())
+/*MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(pthread_join, (0, NULL))*/
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(pthread_testcancel, ())
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(putmsg, (-1, NULL, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(putpmsg, (-1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(pwrite, (-1, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(read, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(readv, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(recv, (-1, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(recvfrom, (-1, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(recvmsg, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(select, (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(sem_timedwait, (&sem, &zero_sec), help_sem_setup())
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_EX(sem_wait, (&sem), help_sem_setup())
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(send, (-1, NULL, 0, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sendmsg, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sendto, (-1, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, 0))
+#ifdef __UCLIBC_SUSV4_LEGACY__
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sigpause, (0))
+#endif
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sigsuspend, (NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sigtimedwait, (NULL, NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sigwait, (NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sigwaitinfo, (NULL, NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(sleep, (0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(system, (""))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(tcdrain, (-1))
+#ifdef __UCLIBC_SUSV3_LEGACY__
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(usleep, (0))
+#endif
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(wait, (NULL))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(waitid, (0, 0, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(waitpid, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(write, (-1, NULL, 0))
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC(writev, (-1, NULL, 0))
+
+/* test a few variations that should not cancel ... */
+MAKE_CANCEL_THREAD_FUNC_RE(fcntl_another, fcntl, (0, F_GETFD))
+
+/* main test that creates thread, cancels it, etc... */
+int _test_func(const char *func_name, void *(*func)(void*), const int should_cancel)
+{
+ int ret;
+ pthread_t cancel_thread_id;
+
+ ++cnt;
+
+ printf("testing %-30s ", func_name);
+
+ printf(".");
+ if (signal(SIGALRM, cancel_timeout) == SIG_ERR) {
+ perror("unable to bind SIGALRM");
+ exit(-1);
+ }
+
+ printf(".");
+ ready = false;
+ pthread_create(&cancel_thread_id, NULL, func, NULL);
+
+ printf(".");
+ while (!ready)
+ sched_yield();
+
+ printf(".");
+ if (pthread_cancel(cancel_thread_id)) {
+ perror("unable to cancel thread");
+ exit(-1);
+ }
+
+ printf(".");
+ alarm(5);
+ while (ready)
+ sched_yield();
+
+ printf(".");
+ ret = (!!!alarm(0) == should_cancel);
+
+ if (ret)
+ printf(" failed ;(\n");
+ else
+ printf(" OK!\n");
+
+ return ret;
+}
+#define TEST_FUNC(f) _test_func(#f, cancel_thread_##f, 1)
+#define TEST_FUNC_RE(f) _test_func(#f, cancel_thread_##f, 0)
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+ setbuf(stdout, NULL);
+ cnt = 0;
+
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(accept);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(aio_suspend);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(clock_nanosleep);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(close);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(connect);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(creat);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(fcntl);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(fdatasync);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(fsync);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(getmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(getpmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(lockf);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(mq_receive);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(mq_send);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(mq_timedreceive);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(mq_timedsend);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(msgrcv);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(msgsnd);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(msync);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(nanosleep);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(open);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pause);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(poll);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pread);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pselect);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pthread_cond_timedwait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pthread_cond_wait);
+ /*ret += TEST_FUNC(pthread_join);*/
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pthread_testcancel);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(putmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(putpmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(pwrite);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(read);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(readv);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(recv);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(recvfrom);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(recvmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(select);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sem_timedwait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sem_wait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(send);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sendmsg);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sendto);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sigpause);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sigsuspend);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sigtimedwait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sigwait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sigwaitinfo);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(sleep);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(system);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(tcdrain);
+#ifdef __UCLIBC_SUSV3_LEGACY__
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(usleep);
+#endif
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(wait);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(waitid);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(waitpid);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(write);
+ ret += TEST_FUNC(writev);
+
+ ret += TEST_FUNC_RE(fcntl_another);
+
+ if (ret)
+ printf("!!! %i / %i tests failed\n", ret, cnt);
+
+ return ret;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex1.c b/test/pthread/ex1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d9de03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* Creates two threads, one printing 10000 "a"s, the other printing
+ 10000 "b"s.
+ Illustrates: thread creation, thread joining. */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "pthread.h"
+
+static void *process(void * arg)
+{
+ int i;
+ printf("Starting process %s\n", (char *)arg);
+ for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
+ write(1, (char *) arg, 1);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+#define sucfail(r) (r != 0 ? "failed" : "succeeded")
+int main(void)
+{
+ int pret, ret = 0;
+ pthread_t th_a, th_b;
+ void *retval;
+
+ ret += (pret = pthread_create(&th_a, NULL, process, (void *)"a"));
+ printf("create a %s %d\n", sucfail(pret), pret);
+ ret += (pret = pthread_create(&th_b, NULL, process, (void *)"b"));
+ printf("create b %s %d\n", sucfail(pret), pret);
+ ret += (pret = pthread_join(th_a, &retval));
+ printf("join a %s %d\n", sucfail(pret), pret);
+ ret += (pret = pthread_join(th_b, &retval));
+ printf("join b %s %d\n", sucfail(pret), pret);
+ return ret;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex2.c b/test/pthread/ex2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98bd4b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/* The classic producer-consumer example.
+ Illustrates mutexes and conditions.
+ All integers between 0 and 9999 should be printed exactly twice,
+ once to the right of the arrow and once to the left. */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pthread.h"
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 16
+
+/* Circular buffer of integers. */
+
+struct prodcons {
+ int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; /* the actual data */
+ pthread_mutex_t lock; /* mutex ensuring exclusive access to buffer */
+ int readpos, writepos; /* positions for reading and writing */
+ pthread_cond_t notempty; /* signaled when buffer is not empty */
+ pthread_cond_t notfull; /* signaled when buffer is not full */
+};
+
+/* Initialize a buffer */
+
+static void init(struct prodcons * b)
+{
+ pthread_mutex_init(&b->lock, NULL);
+ pthread_cond_init(&b->notempty, NULL);
+ pthread_cond_init(&b->notfull, NULL);
+ b->readpos = 0;
+ b->writepos = 0;
+}
+
+/* Store an integer in the buffer */
+
+static void put(struct prodcons * b, int data)
+{
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
+ /* Wait until buffer is not full */
+ while ((b->writepos + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE == b->readpos) {
+ pthread_cond_wait(&b->notfull, &b->lock);
+ /* pthread_cond_wait reacquired b->lock before returning */
+ }
+ /* Write the data and advance write pointer */
+ b->buffer[b->writepos] = data;
+ b->writepos++;
+ if (b->writepos >= BUFFER_SIZE) b->writepos = 0;
+ /* Signal that the buffer is now not empty */
+ pthread_cond_signal(&b->notempty);
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
+}
+
+/* Read and remove an integer from the buffer */
+
+static int get(struct prodcons * b)
+{
+ int data;
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
+ /* Wait until buffer is not empty */
+ while (b->writepos == b->readpos) {
+ pthread_cond_wait(&b->notempty, &b->lock);
+ }
+ /* Read the data and advance read pointer */
+ data = b->buffer[b->readpos];
+ b->readpos++;
+ if (b->readpos >= BUFFER_SIZE) b->readpos = 0;
+ /* Signal that the buffer is now not full */
+ pthread_cond_signal(&b->notfull);
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
+ return data;
+}
+
+/* A test program: one thread inserts integers from 1 to 10000,
+ the other reads them and prints them. */
+
+#define OVER (-1)
+
+struct prodcons buffer;
+
+static void * producer(void * data)
+{
+ int n;
+ for (n = 0; n < 10000; n++) {
+ printf("%d --->\n", n);
+ put(&buffer, n);
+ }
+ put(&buffer, OVER);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static void * consumer(void * data)
+{
+ int d;
+ while (1) {
+ d = get(&buffer);
+ if (d == OVER) break;
+ printf("---> %d\n", d);
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ pthread_t th_a, th_b;
+ void * retval;
+
+ init(&buffer);
+ /* Create the threads */
+ pthread_create(&th_a, NULL, producer, 0);
+ pthread_create(&th_b, NULL, consumer, 0);
+ /* Wait until producer and consumer finish. */
+ pthread_join(th_a, &retval);
+ pthread_join(th_b, &retval);
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex3.c b/test/pthread/ex3.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ef7797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/* Multi-thread searching.
+ Illustrates: thread cancellation, cleanup handlers. */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+/* Defines the number of searching threads */
+#define NUM_THREADS 5
+
+/* Function prototypes */
+void *search(void *);
+void print_it(void *);
+
+/* Global variables */
+pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
+pthread_mutex_t lock;
+int tries;
+volatile int started;
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+ unsigned long i;
+ unsigned long pid;
+
+ /* create a number to search for */
+ pid = getpid();
+ printf("Searching for the number = %ld...\n", pid);
+
+ /* Initialize the mutex lock */
+ pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL);
+
+ /* Create the searching threads */
+ for (started=0; started<NUM_THREADS; started++)
+ pthread_create(&threads[started], NULL, search, (void *)pid);
+
+ /* Wait for (join) all the searching threads */
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_THREADS; i++)
+ pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
+
+ printf("It took %d tries to find the number.\n", tries);
+
+ /* Exit the program */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* This is the cleanup function that is called
+ when the threads are cancelled */
+
+void print_it(void *arg)
+{
+ int *try = (int *) arg;
+ pthread_t tid;
+
+ /* Get the calling thread's ID */
+ tid = pthread_self();
+
+ /* Print where the thread was in its search when it was cancelled */
+ printf("Thread %lx was canceled on its %d try.\n", tid, *try);
+}
+
+/* This is the search routine that is executed in each thread */
+
+void *search(void *arg)
+{
+ unsigned long num = (unsigned long) arg;
+ unsigned long i, j, ntries;
+ pthread_t tid;
+
+ /* get the calling thread ID */
+ tid = pthread_self();
+
+ /* use the thread ID to set the seed for the random number generator */
+ /* Since srand and rand are not thread-safe, serialize with lock */
+
+ /* Try to lock the mutex lock --
+ if locked, check to see if the thread has been cancelled
+ if not locked then continue */
+ while (pthread_mutex_trylock(&lock) == EBUSY)
+ pthread_testcancel();
+
+ srand((int)tid);
+ i = rand() & 0xFFFFFF;
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
+ ntries = 0;
+
+ /* Set the cancellation parameters --
+ - Enable thread cancellation
+ - Defer the action of the cancellation */
+
+ pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
+ pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED, NULL);
+
+ while (started < NUM_THREADS)
+ sched_yield ();
+
+ /* Push the cleanup routine (print_it) onto the thread
+ cleanup stack. This routine will be called when the
+ thread is cancelled. Also note that the pthread_cleanup_push
+ call must have a matching pthread_cleanup_pop call. The
+ push and pop calls MUST be at the same lexical level
+ within the code */
+
+ /* Pass address of `ntries' since the current value of `ntries' is not
+ the one we want to use in the cleanup function */
+
+ pthread_cleanup_push(print_it, (void *)&ntries);
+
+ /* Loop forever */
+ while (1) {
+ i = (i + 1) & 0xFFFFFF;
+ ntries++;
+
+ /* Does the random number match the target number? */
+ if (num == i) {
+ /* Try to lock the mutex lock --
+ if locked, check to see if the thread has been cancelled
+ if not locked then continue */
+ while (pthread_mutex_trylock(&lock) == EBUSY)
+ pthread_testcancel();
+
+ /* Set the global variable for the number of tries */
+ tries = ntries;
+ printf("Thread %lx found the number!\n", tid);
+
+ /* Cancel all the other threads */
+ for (j=0; j<NUM_THREADS; j++)
+ if (threads[j] != tid) pthread_cancel(threads[j]);
+
+ /* Break out of the while loop */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Every 100 tries check to see if the thread has been cancelled. */
+ if (ntries % 100 == 0) {
+ pthread_testcancel();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* The only way we can get here is when the thread breaks out
+ of the while loop. In this case the thread that makes it here
+ has found the number we are looking for and does not need to run
+ the thread cleanup function. This is why the pthread_cleanup_pop
+ function is called with a 0 argument; this will pop the cleanup
+ function off the stack without executing it */
+
+ pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
+ return((void *)0);
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex4.c b/test/pthread/ex4.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf4cf1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/* Making a library function that uses static variables thread-safe.
+ Illustrates: thread-specific data, pthread_once(). */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+/* This is a typical example of a library function that uses
+ static variables to accumulate results between calls.
+ Here, it just returns the concatenation of all string arguments
+ that were given to it. */
+
+#if 0
+
+static char * str_accumulate(char * s)
+{
+ static char accu[1024] = { 0 };
+ strcat(accu, s);
+ return accu;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* Of course, this cannot be used in a multi-threaded program
+ because all threads store "accu" at the same location.
+ So, we'll use thread-specific data to have a different "accu"
+ for each thread. */
+
+/* Key identifying the thread-specific data */
+static pthread_key_t str_key;
+/* "Once" variable ensuring that the key for str_alloc will be allocated
+ exactly once. */
+static pthread_once_t str_alloc_key_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+
+/* Forward functions */
+static void str_alloc_key(void);
+static void str_alloc_destroy_accu(void * accu);
+
+/* Thread-safe version of str_accumulate */
+
+static char * str_accumulate(const char * s)
+{
+ char * accu;
+
+ /* Make sure the key is allocated */
+ pthread_once(&str_alloc_key_once, str_alloc_key);
+ /* Get the thread-specific data associated with the key */
+ accu = (char *) pthread_getspecific(str_key);
+ /* It's initially NULL, meaning that we must allocate the buffer first. */
+ if (accu == NULL) {
+ accu = malloc(1024);
+ if (accu == NULL) return NULL;
+ accu[0] = 0;
+ /* Store the buffer pointer in the thread-specific data. */
+ pthread_setspecific(str_key, (void *) accu);
+ printf("Thread %lx: allocating buffer at %p\n", pthread_self(), accu);
+ }
+ /* Now we can use accu just as in the non thread-safe code. */
+ strcat(accu, s);
+ return accu;
+}
+
+/* Function to allocate the key for str_alloc thread-specific data. */
+
+static void str_alloc_key(void)
+{
+ pthread_key_create(&str_key, str_alloc_destroy_accu);
+ printf("Thread %lx: allocated key %d\n", pthread_self(), str_key);
+}
+
+/* Function to free the buffer when the thread exits. */
+/* Called only when the thread-specific data is not NULL. */
+
+static void str_alloc_destroy_accu(void * accu)
+{
+ printf("Thread %lx: freeing buffer at %p\n", pthread_self(), accu);
+ free(accu);
+}
+
+/* Test program */
+
+static void * process(void * arg)
+{
+ char * res;
+ res = str_accumulate("Result of ");
+ res = str_accumulate((char *) arg);
+ res = str_accumulate(" thread");
+ printf("Thread %lx: \"%s\"\n", pthread_self(), res);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+ char * res;
+ pthread_t th1, th2;
+
+ res = str_accumulate("Result of ");
+ pthread_create(&th1, NULL, process, (void *) "first");
+ pthread_create(&th2, NULL, process, (void *) "second");
+ res = str_accumulate("initial thread");
+ printf("Thread %lx: \"%s\"\n", pthread_self(), res);
+ pthread_join(th1, NULL);
+ pthread_join(th2, NULL);
+ exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex5.c b/test/pthread/ex5.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a293eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/* The classic producer-consumer example, implemented with semaphores.
+ All integers between 0 and 9999 should be printed exactly twice,
+ once to the right of the arrow and once to the left. */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pthread.h"
+#include "semaphore.h"
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 16
+
+/* Circular buffer of integers. */
+
+struct prodcons {
+ int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; /* the actual data */
+ int readpos, writepos; /* positions for reading and writing */
+ sem_t sem_read; /* number of elements available for reading */
+ sem_t sem_write; /* number of locations available for writing */
+};
+
+/* Initialize a buffer */
+
+static void init(struct prodcons * b)
+{
+ sem_init(&b->sem_write, 0, BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+ sem_init(&b->sem_read, 0, 0);
+ b->readpos = 0;
+ b->writepos = 0;
+}
+
+/* Store an integer in the buffer */
+
+static void put(struct prodcons * b, int data)
+{
+ /* Wait until buffer is not full */
+ sem_wait(&b->sem_write);
+ /* Write the data and advance write pointer */
+ b->buffer[b->writepos] = data;
+ b->writepos++;
+ if (b->writepos >= BUFFER_SIZE) b->writepos = 0;
+ /* Signal that the buffer contains one more element for reading */
+ sem_post(&b->sem_read);
+}
+
+/* Read and remove an integer from the buffer */
+
+static int get(struct prodcons * b)
+{
+ int data;
+ /* Wait until buffer is not empty */
+ sem_wait(&b->sem_read);
+ /* Read the data and advance read pointer */
+ data = b->buffer[b->readpos];
+ b->readpos++;
+ if (b->readpos >= BUFFER_SIZE) b->readpos = 0;
+ /* Signal that the buffer has now one more location for writing */
+ sem_post(&b->sem_write);
+ return data;
+}
+
+/* A test program: one thread inserts integers from 1 to 10000,
+ the other reads them and prints them. */
+
+#define OVER (-1)
+
+struct prodcons buffer;
+
+static void * producer(void * data)
+{
+ int n;
+ for (n = 0; n < 10000; n++) {
+ printf("%d --->\n", n);
+ put(&buffer, n);
+ }
+ put(&buffer, OVER);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static void * consumer(void * data)
+{
+ int d;
+ while (1) {
+ d = get(&buffer);
+ if (d == OVER) break;
+ printf("---> %d\n", d);
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ pthread_t th_a, th_b;
+ void * retval;
+
+ init(&buffer);
+ /* Create the threads */
+ pthread_create(&th_a, NULL, producer, 0);
+ pthread_create(&th_b, NULL, consumer, 0);
+ /* Wait until producer and consumer finish. */
+ pthread_join(th_a, &retval);
+ pthread_join(th_b, &retval);
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex6.c b/test/pthread/ex6.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffb6287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex6.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+static void *
+test_thread (void *v_param)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+ unsigned long count;
+ struct timespec ts;
+ ts.tv_sec = 0;
+ ts.tv_nsec = 10 * 1000;
+
+ setvbuf (stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+ for (count = 0; count < 2000; ++count)
+ {
+ pthread_t thread;
+ int status;
+
+ status = pthread_create (&thread, NULL, test_thread, NULL);
+ if (status != 0)
+ {
+ printf ("status = %d, count = %lu: %s\n", status, count,
+ strerror (errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ printf ("count = %lu\n", count);
+ }
+ /* pthread_detach (thread); */
+ pthread_join (thread, NULL);
+ nanosleep (&ts, NULL);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex7.c b/test/pthread/ex7.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eeb9a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex7.c
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/* ex7
+ *
+ * Test case that illustrates a timed wait on a condition variable.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* Our event variable using a condition variable contruct. */
+typedef struct {
+ pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+ pthread_cond_t cond;
+ int flag;
+} event_t;
+
+
+/* Global event to signal main thread the timeout of the child thread. */
+event_t main_event;
+
+
+static void *
+test_thread (void *ms_param)
+{
+ unsigned long status = 0;
+ event_t foo;
+ struct timespec timeout;
+ struct timeval now;
+ long ms = (long) ms_param;
+
+ /* initialize cond var */
+ pthread_cond_init(&foo.cond, NULL);
+ pthread_mutex_init(&foo.mutex, NULL);
+ foo.flag = 0;
+
+ /* set the time out value */
+ printf("waiting %ld ms ...\n", ms);
+ gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+ timeout.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + ms/1000 + (now.tv_usec + (ms%1000)*1000)/1000000;
+ timeout.tv_nsec = ((now.tv_usec + (ms%1000)*1000) % 1000000) * 1000;
+
+ /* Just use this to test the time out. The cond var is never signaled. */
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&foo.mutex);
+ while (foo.flag == 0 && status != ETIMEDOUT) {
+ status = pthread_cond_timedwait(&foo.cond, &foo.mutex, &timeout);
+ }
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&foo.mutex);
+
+ /* post the main event */
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&main_event.mutex);
+ main_event.flag = 1;
+ pthread_cond_signal(&main_event.cond);
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&main_event.mutex);
+
+ /* that's it, bye */
+ return (void*) status;
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+ unsigned long count;
+ struct timespec ts;
+ ts.tv_sec = 0;
+ ts.tv_nsec = 10 * 1000;
+
+ setvbuf (stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+ /* initialize main event cond var */
+ pthread_cond_init(&main_event.cond, NULL);
+ pthread_mutex_init(&main_event.mutex, NULL);
+ main_event.flag = 0;
+
+ for (count = 0; count < 20; ++count)
+ {
+ pthread_t thread;
+ int status;
+
+ /* pass down the milli-second timeout in the void* param */
+ status = pthread_create (&thread, NULL, test_thread, (void*) (count*100));
+ if (status != 0) {
+ printf ("status = %d, count = %lu: %s\n", status, count,
+ strerror (errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+
+ /* wait for the event posted by the child thread */
+ pthread_mutex_lock(&main_event.mutex);
+ while (main_event.flag == 0) {
+ pthread_cond_wait(&main_event.cond, &main_event.mutex);
+ }
+ main_event.flag = 0;
+ pthread_mutex_unlock(&main_event.mutex);
+
+ printf ("count = %lu\n", count);
+ }
+
+ nanosleep (&ts, NULL);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/pthread/ex8-mtx-odd.c b/test/pthread/ex8-mtx-odd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791b2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/ex8-mtx-odd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+ Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
+
+ The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+ Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
+ 02111-1307 USA. */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+static pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_lock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_lock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("1st mutex_unlock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("2nd mutex_unlock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"
diff --git a/test/pthread/tst-c99.c b/test/pthread/tst-c99.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cc91b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/tst-c99.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include <pthread.h>
+int main(void) { return 0; }
diff --git a/test/pthread/tst-join2.c b/test/pthread/tst-join2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d994f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/tst-join2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+ Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
+
+ The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
+ not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+static pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+
+static void *
+tf (void *arg)
+{
+ if (pthread_mutex_lock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("child: mutex_lock failed");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return (void *) 42l;
+}
+
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+ pthread_t th;
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_lock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_lock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_create (&th, NULL, tf, NULL) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_create failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ void *status;
+ int val = pthread_tryjoin_np (th, &status);
+ if (val == 0)
+ {
+ puts ("1st tryjoin succeeded");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ else if (val != EBUSY)
+ {
+ puts ("1st tryjoin didn't return EBUSY");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_unlock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ while ((val = pthread_tryjoin_np (th, &status)) != 0)
+ {
+ if (val != EBUSY)
+ {
+ printf ("tryjoin returned %s (%d), expected only 0 or EBUSY\n",
+ strerror (val), val);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Delay minimally. */
+ struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 10000000 };
+ nanosleep (&ts, NULL);
+ }
+
+ if (status != (void *) 42l)
+ {
+ printf ("return value %p, expected %p\n", status, (void *) 42l);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"
diff --git a/test/pthread/tst-join3.c b/test/pthread/tst-join3.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7816f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/tst-join3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+ Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
+
+ The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
+ not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+
+static pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+
+static void *
+tf (void *arg)
+{
+ if (pthread_mutex_lock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("child: mutex_lock failed");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return (void *) 42l;
+}
+
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+ pthread_t th;
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_lock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_lock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_create (&th, NULL, tf, NULL) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_create failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ void *status;
+ struct timespec ts;
+ struct timeval tv;
+ (void) gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
+ TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC (&tv, &ts);
+ ts.tv_nsec += 200000000;
+ if (ts.tv_nsec >= 1000000000)
+ {
+ ts.tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
+ ++ts.tv_sec;
+ }
+ int val = pthread_timedjoin_np (th, &status, &ts);
+ if (val == 0)
+ {
+ puts ("1st timedjoin succeeded");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ else if (val != ETIMEDOUT)
+ {
+ puts ("1st timedjoin didn't return ETIMEDOUT");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&lock) != 0)
+ {
+ puts ("mutex_unlock failed");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ (void) gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
+ TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC (&tv, &ts);
+ ts.tv_nsec += 200000000;
+ if (ts.tv_nsec >= 1000000000)
+ {
+ ts.tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
+ ++ts.tv_sec;
+ }
+
+ val = pthread_timedjoin_np (th, &status, &ts);
+ if (val == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (val != ETIMEDOUT)
+ {
+ printf ("timedjoin returned %s (%d), expected only 0 or ETIMEDOUT\n",
+ strerror (val), val);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (status != (void *) 42l)
+ {
+ printf ("return value %p, expected %p\n", status, (void *) 42l);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"
diff --git a/test/pthread/tst-too-many-cleanups.c b/test/pthread/tst-too-many-cleanups.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7828c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pthread/tst-too-many-cleanups.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * This illustrates the bug where the cleanup function
+ * of a thread may be called too many times.
+ *
+ * main thread:
+ * - grab mutex
+ * - spawn thread1
+ * - go to sleep
+ * thread1:
+ * - register cleanup handler via pthread_cleanup_push()
+ * - try to grab mutex and sleep
+ * main:
+ * - kill thread1
+ * - go to sleep
+ * thread1 cleanup handler:
+ * - try to grab mutex and sleep
+ * main:
+ * - kill thread1
+ * - go to sleep
+ * thread1 cleanup handler:
+ * - wrongly called again
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define warn(fmt, args...) fprintf(stderr, "[%p] " fmt, (void*)pthread_self(), ## args)
+#define warnf(fmt, args...) warn("%s:%i: " fmt, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ## args)
+
+int ok_to_kill_thread;
+
+static void thread_killed(void *arg);
+
+static void *KillMeThread(void *thread_par)
+{
+ pthread_t pthread_id;
+
+ warnf("Starting child thread\n");
+
+ pthread_id = pthread_self();
+ pthread_cleanup_push(thread_killed, (void *)pthread_id);
+
+ pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, NULL);
+ pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
+
+ /* main code */
+ warnf("please kill me now\n");
+ while (1) {
+ ok_to_kill_thread = 1;
+ sleep(1);
+ }
+
+ pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void thread_killed(void *arg)
+{
+ static int num_times_called = 0;
+
+ warnf("killing %p [cnt=%i]\n", arg, ++num_times_called);
+ assert(num_times_called == 1);
+
+ /* pick any cancellation endpoint, sleep() will do just fine */
+ while (1) {
+ warnf("sleeping in cancellation endpoint ...\n");
+ sleep(1);
+ }
+
+ warnf("done cleaning up\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int count = 3;
+ pthread_t app_pthread_id;
+
+ /* need to tweak this test a bit to play nice with signals and LT */
+ return 0;
+
+ ok_to_kill_thread = 0;
+
+ pthread_create(&app_pthread_id, NULL, KillMeThread, NULL);
+
+ warnf("waiting for thread to prepare itself\n");
+ while (!ok_to_kill_thread)
+ sleep(1);
+
+ while (count--) {
+ warnf("killing thread\n");
+ pthread_cancel(app_pthread_id);
+ sleep(3);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}