real solution for the aufs2-util problem

- export the aufs2 branch's content into a tarball
- fetch that tarball from a local mirror (for now)
- drop that Makefile patch, can be solved by passing the right params to
  make

Signed-off-by: Phil Sutter <phil.sutter@viprinet.com>

19 files changed, 0 insertions, 4795 deletions

diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/COPYING b/package/aufs2-util/src/COPYING
deleted file mode 100644
index f90922eea..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/COPYING
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-		       Version 2, June 1991
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-			    Preamble
-
-  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
-freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
-License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
-software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
-General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
-Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
-using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
-the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
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-library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
-Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/Makefile b/package/aufs2-util/src/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 544dfc538..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Junjiro R. Okajima
-#
-# This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301	 USA
-
-CFLAGS += -I./libau
-CFLAGS += -O -Wall
-
-Cmd = umount.aufs auchk aubrsync
-Man = aufs.5
-Etc = etc_default_aufs
-Bin = auplink mount.aufs #auctl
-BinObj = $(addsuffix .o, ${Bin})
-LibUtil = libautil.a
-LibUtilObj = proc_mnt.o br.o plink.o mtab.o
-LibUtilHdr = au_util.h
-export
-
-all: ${Man} ${Bin} ${Etc}
-	${MAKE} -C libau $@
-	ln -sf ./libau/libau*.so .
-
-${Bin}: LDFLAGS += -static -s
-${Bin}: LDLIBS = -L. -lautil
-${BinObj}: %.o: %.c ${LibUtilHdr} ${LibUtil}
-
-${LibUtilObj}: %.o: %.c ${LibUtilHdr}
-#${LibUtil}: ${LibUtil}(${LibUtilObj})
-${LibUtil}: $(foreach o, ${LibUtilObj}, ${LibUtil}(${o}))
-.NOTPARALLEL: ${LibUtil}
-
-etc_default_aufs: c2sh aufs.shlib
-	${RM} $@
-	echo '# aufs variables for shell scripts' > $@
-	./c2sh >> $@
-	echo >> $@
-	sed -e '0,/^$$/d' aufs.shlib >> $@
-
-aufs.5: aufs.in.5 c2tmac
-	${RM} $@
-	./c2tmac > $@
-	awk '{ \
-		gsub(/\140[^\047]*\047/, "\\[oq]&\\[cq]"); \
-		gsub(/\\\[oq\]\140/, "\\[oq]"); \
-		gsub(/\047\\\[cq\]/, "\\[cq]"); \
-		gsub(/\047/, "\\[aq]"); \
-		print; \
-	}' aufs.in.5 >> $@
-	chmod a-w $@
-
-.INTERMEDIATE: c2sh c2tmac
-
-Install = install -o root -g root -p
-install_sbin: File = mount.aufs umount.aufs auplink
-install_sbin: Tgt = ${DESTDIR}/sbin
-install_ubin: File = auchk aubrsync #auctl
-install_ubin: Tgt = ${DESTDIR}/usr/bin
-install_sbin install_ubin: ${File}
-	install -d ${Tgt}
-	${Install} -m 755 ${File} ${Tgt}
-install_etc: File = etc_default_aufs
-install_etc: Tgt = ${DESTDIR}/etc/default/aufs
-install_etc: ${File}
-	install -d $(dir ${Tgt})
-	${Install} -m 644 -T ${File} ${Tgt}
-install_man: File = aufs.5
-install_man: Tgt = ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/man/man5
-install_man: ${File}
-	install -d ${Tgt}
-	${Install} -m 644 ${File} ${Tgt}
-install_ulib:
-	${MAKE} -C libau $@
-
-install: install_man install_sbin install_ubin install_etc install_ulib
-
-clean:
-	${RM} ${Man} ${Bin} ${Etc} ${LibUtil} libau.so* *~
-	${RM} ${BinObj} ${LibUtilObj}
-	${MAKE} -C libau $@
-
--include priv.mk
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/README b/package/aufs2-util/src/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e1f45422..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-
-Utilities for aufs2
-http://aufs.sf.net
-J. R. Okajima
-
-These utilities are always necessary for aufs2.
-If you forget to install them, your aufs may not work correctly.
-And these are not for aufs1 essentially, except aubrsync. See below in
-detail.
-
-Makefile in this tree has some customizable make-variables.
-- KDIR
-  specify your kernel source path if necessary
-- DESTDIR
-  specify your install path if necessary.
-  some commands have to be installed under /sbin.
-
-o /sbin/mount.aufs, /sbin/umount.aufs
-  Helpers for util-linux-ng package. You should NOT invoke them
-  manually. Just install them by "make install".
-
-o /sbin/auplink
-  Handles aufs pseudo-link at remount/unmount time. You can invoke it
-  manually at anytime.
-
-o /usr/bin/auchk
-  Similar to generic fsck. Checks whether a branch is healthy or not
-  from aufs's point of view.
-
-o /usr/bin/aubrsync
-  Move files from the upper writable branch to the lower branch.
-  If you use this script with aufs1, then you need to install aufs.shlib
-  to /usr/lib/aufs.shlib. Currently only the 20080211 version is tested
-  for aufs1.
-  The development of this script is sponcered by ASUSTek Computer Inc.
-  (http://www.asus.com/).
-  Kindly they agreed that I keep my aufs work as free software as it has
-  been.
-
-o /etc/default/aufs
-  A library for shell scripts.
-
-
-# Local variables: ;
-# mode: text;
-# End: ;
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/au_util.h b/package/aufs2-util/src/au_util.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 21b965510..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/au_util.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#ifndef __AUFS_UTIL_H__
-#define __AUFS_UTIL_H__
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <error.h>
-
-/*
- * error_at_line() is decleared with (__printf__, 5, 6) attribute,
- * and our compiler produces a warning unless args is not given.
- * __VA_ARGS__ does not help the attribute.
- */
-#define AuFin(fmt, args...) \
-	error_at_line(errno, errno, __FILE__, __LINE__, fmt, ##args)
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define MTab "/tmp/mtab"
-#else
-#define MTab "/etc/mtab"
-#endif
-
-/* proc_mounts.c */
-struct mntent;
-int au_proc_getmntent(char *mntpnt, struct mntent *rent);
-
-/* br.c */
-int au_br(char ***br, int *nbr, struct mntent *ent);
-
-/* plink.c */
-enum {
-	AuPlink_FLUSH,
-	AuPlink_CPUP,
-	AuPlink_LIST
-};
-int au_plink(char cwd[], int cmd, int begin_maint, int end_maint);
-void au_plink_maint(char *path);
-
-/* mtab.c */
-void au_print_ent(struct mntent *ent);
-int au_update_mtab(char *mntpnt, int do_remount, int do_verbose);
-
-#define _Dpri(fmt, ...)		printf("%s:%d:" fmt, \
-				       __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define Dpri(fmt, ...)		_Dpri(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#else
-#define Dpri(fmt, ...)		do { } while(0)
-#endif
-
-#endif /* __AUFS_UTIL_H__ */
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/aubrsync b/package/aufs2-util/src/aubrsync
deleted file mode 100755
index 54adac9cb..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/aubrsync
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
-#
-# This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-
-#
-# The development of this script is sponcered by ASUSTek Computer Inc.
-# Kindly they agreed that I keep my aufs work as free software as it has
-# been.
-#
-
-set -eu
-#set -x
-
-me=$(basename $0)
-EEcho() # str
-{
-	echo ${me}: $@ 1>&2
-}
-
-f=/sbin/mount.aufs
-test ! -x $f && EEcho $f is not installed && exit 1
-
-# special handling for backward compatibility.
-#
-# aufs in the donated eeepc is aufs1 20080211 without CONFIG_AUFS_COMPAT.
-# /etc/default/aufs was introduced in aufs1 20080922.
-# shwh/noshwh was introduced in aufs1 20080310 with CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH.
-# noshwh became always available regardless CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH in aufs1 20081117.
-
-noshwh=1
-AUFS_VERSION=20080211
-f=/etc/default/aufs
-if [ -s $f ]
-then
-	. $f
-else
-	echo ${me}: warning, broken $f, assuming aufs is $AUFS_VERSION
-	f=/usr/lib/aufs.shlib
-	test ! -s $f && EEcho $f is not installed && exit 1
-	. $f
-
-	case $AUFS_VERSION in
-	200*) # aufs1
-		test $AUFS_VERSION -lt 20081117 && noshwh=0
-		;;
-	esac
-	AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC=1635083891
-	AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC_HEX=0x61756673
-	AUFS_WH_PFX=.wh.
-	AUFS_WH_PFX2=.wh..wh.
-	AUFS_WH_DIROPQ=.wh..wh..opq
-fi
-
-########################################
-
-_Rsync="rsync --exclude=lost+found"
-Rsync="$_Rsync -aHSx --devices --specials --delete-before"
-Copy="$Rsync"
-Move="$Copy"
-RsyncWh="$_Rsync -ptgoHx"
-
-FindForRm() # rw
-{
-	echo "find \"$1\" -xdev -depth \(
-		\( ! -type d
-			\( -name $AUFS_WH_DIROPQ
-			-o ! -name ${AUFS_WH_PFX2}\* \) \)
-		-o \( -type d
-			! -name ${AUFS_WH_PFX2}\*
-			! -wholename \"$1\"
-			! -wholename \"$1/lost+found\" \)
-		\) -print0"
-}
-
-MoveWh() # rw ro+wh
-{
-	cd "$1"
-	find . -xdev -name ${AUFS_WH_PFX}\* ! -name ${AUFS_WH_PFX2}\* \
-		-printf '%P\n' |
-	while read wh
-	do
-		f=$(echo "$wh" | sed -e '
-			s/^'${AUFS_WH_PFX}'//
-			t
-			s:/'${AUFS_WH_PFX}':/:
-			')
-		test -e "$dst/$f" || echo "$wh"
-	done |
-	# -v
-	$RsyncWh --files-from=- ./ "$2"
-	cd "$OLDPWD"
-}
-
-copy()
-{
-	$Copy $@ "$mntpnt"/ "$dst"
-}
-
-_move()
-{
-	set +x
-	test $hinotify -ne 1 && echo ${me}: warning, -i is not specified
-	src_is_nfs=0
-	test $(stat -f -c %T "$src") = nfs && src_is_nfs=1
-	set $quiet
-
-	$Move $@ &&
-	eval $(FindForRm "$src") |
-	{
-		if [ $src_is_nfs -eq 1 ]
-		then
-			mount -o remount "$mntpnt"
-			mount -o remount "$src"
-		fi
-		xargs -r0 rm -fr #-v
-	}
-}
-
-move()
-{
-	_move $@ "$mntpnt"/ "$dst"
-}
-
-move_with_wh()
-{
-	{
-	set +x
-	MoveWh "$src" "$dst"
-	set $quiet
-	} &&
-	move --exclude=${AUFS_WH_PFX}\*
-}
-
-# backward compatibility
-move_w()
-{
-	move_with_wh $@
-}
-
-Usage()
-{
-	t=$(FindForRm src_branch | sed -e '
-		s/"//g
-		$b
-		s/$/ \\/')
-
-	cat <<- EOF
-	$me Options move | move_with_wh | copy \\
-	        mntpnt src_branch dst_branch [ options for rsync ]
-
-	generic form:
-	$me [ -w | --wh ] [ -i | --inotify ] Options \\
-	        mntpnt cmd [ parameters for cmd ]
-
-	Options:
-	        [ -n | --dry_run ]
-	        [ -q | --quiet ]
-
-	The dst_branch must be mounted as writable.
-	During the operation, the mntpnt is set readonly.
-	If you are opening a file for writing on the writable branch,
-	you need to close the file before invoking this script.
-	The -w or --wh option requires CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH enabled.
-	The -i or --inotify option requires CONFIG_AUFS_HINOTIFY enabled.
-
-	'copy' is a shortcut for
-	        $me mntpnt \\
-	        $Copy mntpnt/ dst_branch
-	'move' is a shortcut for
-	        $me mntpnt \\
-	        "$Move \\
-	        mntpnt/ dst_branch && \\
-	        $t |\\
-	        xargs -r0 rm -fr"
-	        Note: in most cases, you will need '-i' option, and
-	              find(1) is invoked by $me only when rsync(1)
-	              succeded.
-	'move_with_wh' is a simple variation of 'move' which moves
-	whiteouts separately before the actual 'move'.
-
-	If you execute this script under linux-2.6.24 or earlier, the
-	kernel may produce a harmless warning "inotify.c:NNN
-	set_dentry_child_flags()". The message was already removed in
-	linux-2.6.25.
-
-	examples:
-	- Copy and reflect all the modification (modifed files, newly
-	  created and removed ones) in the upper branch to the lower
-	  branch. This operation is for aufs which has only 2 branches,
-	  and mainly for a system shutdown script.
-	  All files on the upper branch remain.
-
-	  $ sudo $me copy /your/aufs /your/upper_branch /your/lower_branch
-
-	- Like above (2 branches), move and reflect all modifications
-	  from upper to lower. Almost all files on the upper branch will
-	  be removed. You can still use this aufs after the
-	  operation. But the inode number may be changed. If your
-	  application which depends upon the inode number was running at
-	  that time, it may not work correctly.
-
-	  $ sudo $me move /your/aufs /your/upper_branch /your/lower_branch
-	EOF
-
-# 	- Like above (2 branches), generate a new middle layer like a
-# 	  snapshot including whiteouts and make the upper_branch almost
-# 	  empty, but untouch the lower_branch.
-# 
-# 	  $ img=/hda1/a.ext2
-# 	  $ dd if=/dev/zero of=\$img bs=4k count=1k
-# 	  $ mkfs -t ext2 -F \$img
-# 	  $ sudo mount -o rw,loop \$img /your/new_branch
-# 	  $ sudo mount -o remount,ins:1:/your/new_branch=ro+wh /your/aufs
-# 	  $ sudo $me _move /your/aufs /your/upper_branch /your/lower_branch \\
-# 	        "--remove-source-files \\
-# 	        --exclude=$AUFS_WH_BASE \\
-# 	        --exclude=$AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR \\
-# 	        --exclude=$AUFS_WH_TMPDIR \\
-# 	        /your/upper_branch/ /your/new_branch; \\
-# 	        mount -o remount,ro /your/new_branch"
-# 	EOF
-}
-
-########################################
-
-wh=0
-hinotify=0
-quiet=-x
-dry_run=
-cmd=
-cmd_opts=
-for i
-do
-	case $i in
-	-w|--wh)	wh=1;;
-	-i|--inotify)	hinotify=1;;
-	-n|--dry_run)	dry_run=echo;;
-	-q|--quiet)	quiet=+x;;
-	-h|--help)	Usage; exit 0;;
-	--)		shift; break;;
-	*)		break;;
-	esac
-	shift
-done
-
-test $# -lt 2 && Usage 1>&2 && exit 1
-case "$1" in
-_move|move|copy|move_w|move_with_wh)
-	test $# -lt 4 && Usage 1>&2 && exit 1
-	cmd=$1
-	SetDir mntpnt "$2"
-	SetDir src "$3"
-	SetDir dst "$4"
-	shift 4
-	wh=0
-	;;
-*)
-	SetDir mntpnt "$1"
-	cmd="$2"
-	shift 2
-	;;
-esac
-cmd_opts="$@"
-
-case $(stat -f -c %T "$mntpnt") in
-aufs|UNKNOWN*${AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC_HEX}*)	;;
-*)
-	EEcho "$mntpnt" is not aufs
-	exit 1
-	;;
-esac
-
-cur_opts=$(MntOpts "$mntpnt")
-test ! "$cur_opts" &&
-EEcho bad /proc/mounts or "$mntpnt" is not mounted &&
-exit 1
-cur_opts="udba=reval,noshwh,$cur_opts"
-test $noshwh -eq 0 && cur_opts=$(echo $cur_opts | sed -e 's/,noshwh//')
-
-# force flushing the pusedo-links
-tmp_opts="remount,ro,udba=reval,noshwh"
-test $noshwh -eq 0 && tmp_opts=$(echo $tmp_opts | sed -e 's/,noshwh//')
-test $wh -eq 1 && tmp_opts="$tmp_opts,shwh"
-test $hinotify -eq 1 && tmp_opts="$tmp_opts,udba=inotify"
-
-# here we go
-trap "$dry_run mount -o remount,$cur_opts \"$mntpnt\"" EXIT
-set $quiet
-$dry_run mount -o $tmp_opts "$mntpnt"
-eval "$dry_run $cmd $cmd_opts"
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/auchk b/package/aufs2-util/src/auchk
deleted file mode 100755
index 26a3d8027..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/auchk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh -
-
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
-#
-# This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-
-set -eu
-#set -x
-
-EEcho() # str
-{
-	echo $0: $@ 1>&2
-}
-
-f=/etc/default/aufs
-. $f
-
-Usage()
-{
-	echo $0 writable_branch '[...]'
-}
-
-Pass() # title
-{
-	pass=$(($pass + 1))
-	EEcho \[Pass $pass\] $@
-}
-
-Remove() # file
-{
-	if [ -d "$1" ]
-	then
-		rm -ir "$1" || :
-	else
-		rm -v "$1" || :
-	fi
-}
-
-for i
-do
-	EEcho Checking "$i" for aufs
-
-	cd "$i"
-	case $(stat -f -c %T .) in
-	aufs|UNKNOWN*${AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC_HEX}*)
-		EEcho $i must not be aufs
-		cd $OLDPWD
-		continue
-		;;
-	esac
-
-	########################################
-	pass=0
-	Pass Illegal whiteout
-	find . -name '.wh.*' ! -name '.wh..wh.*' -printf '%h\0%f\0' |
-	xargs -r0n2 |
-	while read dir wh
-	do
-		#echo \""$dir"\" \""$wh"\"
-		base=$(echo "$wh" | cut -c5-)
-		test ! -e "$dir/$base" && continue
-
-		ls -ld "$dir/$wh" "$dir/$base"
-		read -p 'Which to remove [whiteout/real/skip]? ' ans \
-			< /dev/tty > /dev/tty 2>&1
-		case "$ans" in
-		[wW]*)	Remove "$dir/$wh" || :;;
-		[rR]*)	Remove "$dir/$base" || :;;
-		*)	echo skipped;;
-		esac
-	done
-
-	########################################
-	Pass Remained pseudo-links
-	did=0
-	for plink in ${AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR}/*
-	do
-		test ! -e "$plink" && break
-		if [ -d "$plink" ]
-		then
-			EEcho illegal "$plink"
-			continue
-		fi
-
-		did=1
-		#ls -l "$plink" || :
-		find . -inum $(basename "$plink" | cut -f2 -d .) -ls || :
-	done
-	if [ $did -ne 0 ]
-	then
-		cat <<- EOF
-		They will be maintained at remount or umount time,
-		if you installed aufs helper scripts (See README
-		in detail).
-		If "$i" is not a writeble branch of CURRENTLY mounted
-		aufs, you need to maintain them by yourself.
-		EOF
-	fi
-
-	########################################
-	Pass Remained temp files
-	for tmp in ${AUFS_WH_TMPDIR}/*
-	do
-		test ! -e "$tmp" && break
-		if [ -d "$tmp" ]
-		then
-			EEcho illegal "$tmp"
-			continue
-		fi
-
-		ls -l "$tmp" || :
-		rm -i "$tmp" || :
-	done
-
-	# nothing to do for xinodir
-
-	cd $OLDPWD
-done
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.in.5 b/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.in.5
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cbb14487..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.in.5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1684 +0,0 @@
-.\".so aufs.tmac
-.
-.eo
-.de TQ
-.br
-.ns
-.TP \$1
-..
-.de Bu
-.IP \(bu 4
-..
-.ec
-.\" end of macro definitions
-.
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.TH aufs 5 \*[AUFS_VERSION] Linux "Linux Aufs User's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-aufs \- advanced multi layered unification filesystem. version \*[AUFS_VERSION]
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Aufs is a stackable unification filesystem such as Unionfs, which unifies
-several directories and provides a merged single directory.
-In the early days, aufs was entirely re-designed and re-implemented
-Unionfs Version 1.x series. After
-many original ideas, approaches and improvements, it
-becomes totally different from Unionfs while keeping the basic features.
-See Unionfs Version 1.x series for the basic features.
-Recently, Unionfs Version 2.x series begin taking some of same
-approaches to aufs's.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH MOUNT OPTIONS
-At mount-time, the order of interpreting options is,
-.RS
-.Bu
-simple flags, except xino/noxino and udba=inotify
-.Bu
-branches
-.Bu
-xino/noxino
-.Bu
-udba=inotify
-.RE
-
-At remount-time,
-the options are interpreted in the given order,
-e.g. left to right.
-.RS
-.Bu
-create or remove
-whiteout-base(\*[AUFS_WH_BASE]) and
-whplink-dir(\*[AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR]) if necessary
-.RE
-.
-.TP
-.B br:BRANCH[:BRANCH ...] (dirs=BRANCH[:BRANCH ...])
-Adds new branches.
-(cf. Branch Syntax).
-
-Aufs rejects the branch which is an ancestor or a descendant of another
-branch. It is called overlapped. When the branch is loopback-mounted
-directory, aufs also checks the source fs-image file of loopback
-device. If the source file is a descendant of another branch, it will
-be rejected too.
-
-After mounting aufs or adding a branch, if you move a branch under
-another branch and make it descendant of another branch, aufs will not
-work correctly.
-.
-.TP
-.B [ add | ins ]:index:BRANCH
-Adds a new branch.
-The index begins with 0.
-Aufs creates
-whiteout-base(\*[AUFS_WH_BASE]) and
-whplink-dir(\*[AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR]) if necessary.
-
-If there is the same named file on the lower branch (larger index),
-aufs will hide the lower file.
-You can only see the highest file.
-You will be confused if the added branch has whiteouts (including
-diropq), they may or may not hide the lower entries.
-.\" It is recommended to make sure that the added branch has no whiteout.
-
-Even if a process have once mapped a file by mmap(2) with MAP_SHARED
-and the same named file exists on the lower branch,
-the process still refers the file on the lower(hidden)
-branch after adding the branch.
-If you want to update the contents of a process address space after
-adding, you need to restart your process or open/mmap the file again.
-.\" Usually, such files are executables or shared libraries.
-(cf. Branch Syntax).
-.
-.TP
-.B del:dir
-Removes a branch.
-Aufs does not remove
-whiteout-base(\*[AUFS_WH_BASE]) and
-whplink-dir(\*[AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR]) automatically.
-For example, when you add a RO branch which was unified as RW, you
-will see whiteout-base or whplink-dir on the added RO branch.
-
-If a process is referencing the file/directory on the deleting branch
-(by open, mmap, current working directory, etc.), aufs will return an
-error EBUSY.
-.
-.TP
-.B mod:BRANCH
-Modifies the permission flags of the branch.
-Aufs creates or removes
-whiteout-base(\*[AUFS_WH_BASE]) and/or
-whplink-dir(\*[AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR]) if necessary.
-
-If the branch permission is been changing `rw' to `ro', and a process
-is mapping a file by mmap(2)
-.\" with MAP_SHARED
-on the branch, the process may or may not
-be able to modify its mapped memory region after modifying branch
-permission flags.
-Additioanlly when you enable CONFIG_IMA (in linux-2.6.30 and later), IMA
-may produce some wrong messages. But this is equivalent when the
-filesystem is changed `ro' in emergency.
-(cf. Branch Syntax).
-.
-.TP
-.B append:BRANCH
-equivalent to `add:(last index + 1):BRANCH'.
-(cf. Branch Syntax).
-.
-.TP
-.B prepend:BRANCH
-equivalent to `add:0:BRANCH.'
-(cf. Branch Syntax).
-.
-.TP
-.B xino=filename
-Use external inode number bitmap and translation table.
-When CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT is enabled, external inode generation table too.
-It is set to
-<FirstWritableBranch>/\*[AUFS_XINO_FNAME] by default, or
-\*[AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH].
-Comma character in filename is not allowed.
-
-The files are created per an aufs and per a branch filesystem, and
-unlinked. So you
-cannot find this file, but it exists and is read/written frequently by
-aufs.
-(cf. External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table).
-
-If you enable CONFIG_SYSFS, the path of xino files are not shown in
-/proc/mounts (and /etc/mtab), instead it is shown in
-<sysfs>/fs/aufs/si_<id>/xi_path.
-Otherwise, it is shown in /proc/mounts unless it is not the default
-path.
-.
-.TP
-.B noxino
-Stop using external inode number bitmap and translation table.
-
-If you use this option,
-Some applications will not work correctly.
-.\" And pseudo link feature will not work after the inode cache is
-.\" shrunk.
-(cf. External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table).
-.
-.TP
-.B trunc_xib
-Truncate the external inode number bitmap file. The truncation is done
-automatically when you delete a branch unless you do not specify
-`notrunc_xib' option.
-(cf. External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table).
-.
-.TP
-.B notrunc_xib
-Stop truncating the external inode number bitmap file when you delete
-a branch.
-(cf. External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table).
-.
-.TP
-.B create_policy | create=CREATE_POLICY
-.TQ
-.B copyup_policy | copyup | cpup=COPYUP_POLICY
-Policies to select one among multiple writable branches. The default
-values are `create=tdp' and `cpup=tdp'.
-link(2) and rename(2) systemcalls have an exception. In aufs, they
-try keeping their operations in the branch where the source exists.
-(cf. Policies to Select One among Multiple Writable Branches).
-.
-.TP
-.B verbose | v
-Print some information.
-Currently, it is only busy file (or inode) at deleting a branch.
-.
-.TP
-.B noverbose | quiet | q | silent
-Disable `verbose' option.
-This is default value.
-.
-.TP
-.B sum
-df(1)/statfs(2) returns the total number of blocks and inodes of
-all branches.
-Note that there are cases that systemcalls may return ENOSPC, even if
-df(1)/statfs(2) shows that aufs has some free space/inode.
-.
-.TP
-.B nosum
-Disable `sum' option.
-This is default value.
-.
-.TP
-.B dirwh=N
-Watermark to remove a dir actually at rmdir(2) and rename(2).
-
-If the target dir which is being removed or renamed (destination dir)
-has a huge number of whiteouts, i.e. the dir is empty logically but
-physically, the cost to remove/rename the single
-dir may be very high.
-It is
-required to unlink all of whiteouts internally before issuing
-rmdir/rename to the branch.
-To reduce the cost of single systemcall,
-aufs renames the target dir to a whiteout-ed temporary name and
-invokes a pre-created
-kernel thread to remove whiteout-ed children and the target dir.
-The rmdir/rename systemcall returns just after kicking the thread.
-
-When the number of whiteout-ed children is less than the value of
-dirwh, aufs remove them in a single systemcall instead of passing
-another thread.
-This value is ignored when the branch is NFS.
-The default value is \*[AUFS_DIRWH_DEF].
-.\" .
-.\" .TP
-.\" .B rdcache=N
-.
-.TP
-.B rdblk=N
-Specifies a size of internal VDIR block which is allocated at a time in
-byte.
-The VDIR block will be allocated several times when necessary. If your
-directory has millions of files, you may want to expand this size.
-The default value is defined as \*[AUFS_RDBLK_DEF].
-The size has to be lager than NAME_MAX (usually 255) and kmalloc\-able
-(the maximum limit depends on your system. at least 128KB is available
-for every system).
-Whenever you can reset the value to default by specifying rdblk=def.
-(cf. Virtual or Vertical Directory Block).
-.
-.TP
-.B rdhash=N
-Specifies a size of internal VDIR hash table which is used to compare
-the file names under the same named directory on multiple branches.
-The VDIR hash table will be allocated in readdir(3)/getdents(2),
-rmdir(2) and rename(2) for the existing target directory. If your
-directory has millions of files, you may want to expand this size.
-The default value is defined as \*[AUFS_RDHASH_DEF].
-The size has to be lager than zero, and it will be multiplied by 4 or 8
-(for 32\-bit and 64\-bit respectively, currently). The result must be
-kmalloc\-able
-(the maximum limit depends on your system. at least 128KB is available
-for every system).
-Whenever you can reset the value to default by specifying rdhash=def.
-(cf. Virtual or Vertical Directory Block).
-.
-.TP
-.B plink
-.TQ
-.B noplink
-Specifies to use `pseudo link' feature or not.
-The default is `plink' which means use this feature.
-(cf. Pseudo Link)
-.
-.TP
-.B clean_plink
-Removes all pseudo-links in memory.
-In order to make pseudo-link permanent, use
-`auplink' utility just before one of these operations,
-unmounting aufs,
-using `ro' or `noplink' mount option,
-deleting a branch from aufs,
-adding a branch into aufs,
-or changing your writable branch as readonly.
-If you installed both of /sbin/mount.aufs and /sbin/umount.aufs, and your
-mount(8) and umount(8) support them,
-`auplink' utility will be executed automatically and flush pseudo-links.
-(cf. Pseudo Link)
-.
-.TP
-.B udba=none | reval | inotify
-Specifies the level of UDBA (User's Direct Branch Access) test.
-(cf. User's Direct Branch Access and Inotify Limitation).
-.
-.TP
-.B diropq=whiteouted | w | always | a
-Specifies whether mkdir(2) and rename(2) dir case make the created directory
-`opaque' or not.
-In other words, to create `\*[AUFS_WH_DIROPQ]' under the created or renamed
-directory, or not to create.
-When you specify diropq=w or diropq=whiteouted, aufs will not create
-it if the
-directory was not whiteouted or opaqued. If the directory was whiteouted
-or opaqued, the created or renamed directory will be opaque.
-When you specify diropq=a or diropq==always, aufs will always create
-it regardless
-the directory was whiteouted/opaqued or not.
-The default value is diropq=w, it means not to create when it is unnecessary.
-If you define CONFIG_AUFS_COMPAT at aufs compiling time, the default will be
-diropq=a.
-You need to consider this option if you are planning to add a branch later
-since `diropq' affects the same named directory on the added branch.
-.
-.TP
-.B warn_perm
-.TQ
-.B nowarn_perm
-Adding a branch, aufs will issue a warning about uid/gid/permission of
-the adding branch directory,
-when they differ from the existing branch's. This difference may or
-may not impose a security risk.
-If you are sure that there is no problem and want to stop the warning,
-use `nowarn_perm' option.
-The default is `warn_perm' (cf. DIAGNOSTICS).
-.
-.TP
-.B shwh
-.TQ
-.B noshwh
-By default (noshwh), aufs doesn't show the whiteouts and
-they just hide the same named entries in the lower branches. The
-whiteout itself also never be appeared.
-If you enable CONFIG_AUFS_SHWH and specify `shwh' option, aufs
-will show you the name of whiteouts
-with keeping its feature to hide the lowers.
-Honestly speaking, I am rather confused with this `visible whiteouts.'
-But a user who originally requested this feature wrote a nice how-to
-document about this feature. See Tips file in the aufs CVS tree.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Module Parameters
-.TP
-.B nwkq=N
-The number of kernel thread named \*[AUFS_WKQ_NAME].
-
-Those threads stay in the system while the aufs module is loaded,
-and handle the special I/O requests from aufs.
-The default value is \*[AUFS_NWKQ_DEF].
-
-The special I/O requests from aufs include a part of copy-up, lookup,
-directory handling, pseudo-link, xino file operations and the
-delegated access to branches.
-For example, Unix filesystems allow you to rmdir(2) which has no write
-permission bit, if its parent directory has write permission bit. In aufs, the
-removing directory may or may not have whiteout or `dir opaque' mark as its
-child. And aufs needs to unlink(2) them before rmdir(2).
-Therefore aufs delegates the actual unlink(2) and rmdir(2) to another kernel
-thread which has been created already and has a superuser privilege.
-
-If you enable CONFIG_SYSFS, you can check this value through
-<sysfs>/module/aufs/parameters/nwkq.
-
-.
-.TP
-.B brs=1 | 0
-Specifies to use the branch path data file under sysfs or not.
-
-If the number of your branches is large or their path is long
-and you meet the limitation of mount(8) ro /etc/mtab, you need to
-enable CONFIG_SYSFS and set aufs module parameter brs=1.
-
-When this parameter is set as 1, aufs does not show `br:' (or dirs=)
-mount option through /proc/mounts (and /etc/mtab). So you can
-keep yourself from the page limitation of
-mount(8) or /etc/mtab.
-Aufs shows branch paths through <sysfs>/fs/aufs/si_XXX/brNNN.
-Actually the file under sysfs has also a size limitation, but I don't
-think it is harmful.
-
-There is one more side effect in setting 1 to this parameter.
-If you rename your branch, the branch path written in /etc/mtab will be
-obsoleted and the future remount will meet some error due to the
-unmatched parameters (Remember that mount(8) may take the options from
-/etc/mtab and pass them to the systemcall).
-If you set 1, /etc/mtab will not hold the branch path and you will not
-meet such trouble. On the other hand, the entries for the
-branch path under sysfs are generated dynamically. So it must not be obsoleted.
-But I don't think users want to rename branches so often.
-
-If CONFIG_SYSFS is disable, this parameter is always set to 0.
-.
-.TP
-.B sysrq=key
-Specifies MagicSysRq key for debugging aufs.
-You need to enable both of CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ and CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG.
-Currently this is for developers only.
-The default is `a'.
-.
-.TP
-.B debug= 0 | 1
-Specifies disable(0) or enable(1) debug print in aufs.
-This parameter can be changed dynamically.
-You need to enable CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG.
-Currently this is for developers only.
-The default is `0' (disable).
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Entries under Sysfs and Debugfs
-See linux/Documentation/ABI/*/{sys,debug}fs-aufs.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Branch Syntax
-.TP
-.B dir_path[ =permission [ + attribute ] ]
-.TQ
-.B permission := rw | ro | rr
-.TQ
-.B attribute := wh | nolwh
-dir_path is a directory path.
-The keyword after `dir_path=' is a
-permission flags for that branch.
-Comma, colon and the permission flags string (including `=')in the path
-are not allowed.
-
-Any filesystem can be a branch, But some are not accepted such like
-sysfs, procfs and unionfs.
-If you specify such filesystems as an aufs branch, aufs will return an error
-saying it is unsupported.
-
-Cramfs in linux stable release has strange inodes and it makes aufs
-confused. For example,
-.nf
-$ mkdir -p w/d1 w/d2
-$ > w/z1
-$ > w/z2
-$ mkcramfs w cramfs
-$ sudo mount -t cramfs -o ro,loop cramfs /mnt
-$ find /mnt -ls
-    76    1 drwxr-xr-x   1 jro      232            64 Jan  1  1970 /mnt
-     1    1 drwxr-xr-x   1 jro      232             0 Jan  1  1970 /mnt/d1
-     1    1 drwxr-xr-x   1 jro      232             0 Jan  1  1970 /mnt/d2
-     1    1 -rw-r--r--   1 jro      232             0 Jan  1  1970 /mnt/z1
-     1    1 -rw-r--r--   1 jro      232             0 Jan  1  1970 /mnt/z2
-.fi
-
-All these two directories and two files have the same inode with one
-as their link count. Aufs cannot handle such inode correctly.
-Currently, aufs involves a tiny workaround for such inodes. But some
-applications may not work correctly since aufs inode number for such
-inode will change silently.
-If you do not have any empty files, empty directories or special files,
-inodes on cramfs will be all fine.
-
-A branch should not be shared as the writable branch between multiple
-aufs. A readonly branch can be shared.
-
-The maximum number of branches is configurable at compile time (127 by
-default).
-
-When an unknown permission or attribute is given, aufs sets ro to that
-branch silently.
-
-.SS Permission
-.
-.TP
-.B rw
-Readable and writable branch. Set as default for the first branch.
-If the branch filesystem is mounted as readonly, you cannot set it `rw.'
-.\" A filesystem which does not support link(2) and i_op\->setattr(), for
-.\" example FAT, will not be used as the writable branch.
-.
-.TP
-.B ro
-Readonly branch and it has no whiteouts on it.
-Set as default for all branches except the first one. Aufs never issue
-both of write operation and lookup operation for whiteout to this branch.
-.
-.TP
-.B rr
-Real readonly branch, special case of `ro', for natively readonly
-branch. Assuming the branch is natively readonly, aufs can optimize
-some internal operation. For example, if you specify `udba=inotify'
-option, aufs does not set inotify for the things on rr branch.
-Set by default for a branch whose fs-type is either `iso9660',
-`cramfs' or `romfs' (and `squashfs' for linux\-2.6.29 and later).
-
-When your branch exists on slower device and you have some
-capacity on your hdd, you may want to try ulobdev tool in ULOOP sample.
-It can cache the contents of the real devices on another faster device,
-so you will be able to get the better access performance.
-The ulobdev tool is for a generic block device, and the ulohttp is for a
-filesystem image on http server.
-If you want to spin down your hdd to save the
-battery life or something, then you may want to use ulobdev to save the
-access to the hdd, too.
-See $AufsCVS/sample/uloop in detail.
-
-.SS Attribute
-.
-.TP
-.B wh
-Readonly branch and it has/might have whiteouts on it.
-Aufs never issue write operation to this branch, but lookup for whiteout.
-Use this as `<branch_dir>=ro+wh'.
-.
-.TP
-.B nolwh
-Usually, aufs creates a whiteout as a hardlink on a writable
-branch. This attributes prohibits aufs to create the hardlinked
-whiteout, including the source file of all hardlinked whiteout
-(\*[AUFS_WH_BASE].)
-If you do not like a hardlink, or your writable branch does not support
-link(2), then use this attribute.
-But I am afraid a filesystem which does not support link(2) natively
-will fail in other place such as copy-up.
-Use this as `<branch_dir>=rw+nolwh'.
-Also you may want to try `noplink' mount option, while it is not recommended.
-
-.\" .SS FUSE as a branch
-.\" A FUSE branch needs special attention.
-.\" The struct fuse_operations has a statfs operation. It is OK, but the
-.\" parameter is struct statvfs* instead of struct statfs*. So almost
-.\" all user\-space implementation will call statvfs(3)/fstatvfs(3) instead of
-.\" statfs(2)/fstatfs(2).
-.\" In glibc, [f]statvfs(3) issues [f]statfs(2), open(2)/read(2) for
-.\" /proc/mounts,
-.\" and stat(2) for the mountpoint. With this situation, a FUSE branch will
-.\" cause a deadlock in creating something in aufs. Here is a sample
-.\" scenario,
-.\" .\" .RS
-.\" .\" .IN -10
-.\" .Bu
-.\" create/modify a file just under the aufs root dir.
-.\" .Bu
-.\" aufs acquires a write\-lock for the parent directory, ie. the root dir.
-.\" .Bu
-.\" A library function or fuse internal may call statfs for a fuse branch.
-.\" The create=mfs mode in aufs will surely call statfs for each writable
-.\" branches.
-.\" .Bu
-.\" FUSE in kernel\-space converts and redirects the statfs request to the
-.\" user\-space.
-.\" .Bu
-.\" the user\-space statfs handler will call [f]statvfs(3).
-.\" .Bu
-.\" the [f]statvfs(3) in glibc will access /proc/mounts and issue
-.\" stat(2) for the mountpoint. But those require a read\-lock for the aufs
-.\" root directory.
-.\" .Bu
-.\" Then a deadlock occurs.
-.\" .\" .RE 1
-.\" .\" .IN
-.\" 
-.\" In order to avoid this deadlock, I would suggest not to call
-.\" [f]statvfs(3) from fuse. Here is a sample code to do this.
-.\" .nf
-.\" struct statvfs stvfs;
-.\" 
-.\" main()
-.\" {
-.\" 	statvfs(..., &stvfs)
-.\" 	or
-.\" 	fstatvfs(..., &stvfs)
-.\" 	stvfs.f_fsid = 0
-.\" }
-.\" 
-.\" statfs_handler(const char *path, struct statvfs *arg)
-.\" {
-.\" 	struct statfs stfs
-.\" 
-.\" 	memcpy(arg, &stvfs, sizeof(stvfs))
-.\" 
-.\" 	statfs(..., &stfs)
-.\" 	or
-.\" 	fstatfs(..., &stfs)
-.\" 
-.\" 	arg->f_bfree = stfs.f_bfree
-.\" 	arg->f_bavail = stfs.f_bavail
-.\" 	arg->f_ffree = stfs.f_ffree
-.\" 	arg->f_favail = /* any value */
-.\" }
-.\" .fi
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table (xino)
-Aufs uses one external bitmap file and one external inode number
-translation table files per an aufs and per a branch
-filesystem by default.
-Additionally when CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT is enabled, one external inode
-generation table is added.
-The bitmap (and the generation table) is for recycling aufs inode number
-and the others
-are a table for converting an inode number on a branch to
-an aufs inode number. The default path
-is `first writable branch'/\*[AUFS_XINO_FNAME].
-If there is no writable branch, the
-default path
-will be \*[AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH].
-.\" A user who executes mount(8) needs the privilege to create xino
-.\" file.
-
-If you enable CONFIG_SYSFS, the path of xino files are not shown in
-/proc/mounts (and /etc/mtab), instead it is shown in
-<sysfs>/fs/aufs/si_<id>/xi_path.
-Otherwise, it is shown in /proc/mounts unless it is not the default
-path.
-
-Those files are always opened and read/write by aufs frequently.
-If your writable branch is on flash memory device, it is recommended
-to put xino files on other than flash memory by specifying `xino='
-mount option.
-
-The
-maximum file size of the bitmap is, basically, the amount of the
-number of all the files on all branches divided by 8 (the number of
-bits in a byte).
-For example, on a 4KB page size system, if you have 32,768 (or
-2,599,968) files in aufs world,
-then the maximum file size of the bitmap is 4KB (or 320KB).
-
-The
-maximum file size of the table will
-be `max inode number on the branch x size of an inode number'.
-For example in 32bit environment,
-
-.nf
-$ df -i /branch_fs
-/dev/hda14           2599968  203127 2396841    8% /branch_fs
-.fi
-
-and /branch_fs is an branch of the aufs. When the inode number is
-assigned contiguously (without `hole'), the maximum xino file size for
-/branch_fs will be 2,599,968 x 4 bytes = about 10 MB. But it might not be
-allocated all of disk blocks.
-When the inode number is assigned discontinuously, the maximum size of
-xino file will be the largest inode number on a branch x 4 bytes.
-Additionally, the file size is limited to LLONG_MAX or the s_maxbytes
-in filesystem's superblock (s_maxbytes may be smaller than
-LLONG_MAX). So the
-support-able largest inode number on a branch is less than
-2305843009213693950 (LLONG_MAX/4\-1).
-This is the current limitation of aufs.
-On 64bit environment, this limitation becomes more strict and the
-supported largest inode number is less than LLONG_MAX/8\-1.
-
-The xino files are always hidden, i.e. removed. So you cannot
-do `ls \-l xino_file'.
-If you enable CONFIG_DEBUG_FS, you can check these information through
-<debugfs>/aufs/<si_id>/{xib,xi[0-9]*,xigen}. xib is for the bitmap file,
-xi0 ix for the first branch, and xi1 is for the next. xigen is for the
-generation table.
-xib and xigen are in the format of,
-
-.nf
-<blocks>x<block size> <file size>
-.fi
-
-Note that a filesystem usually has a
-feature called pre-allocation, which means a number of
-blocks are allocated automatically, and then deallocated
-silently when the filesystem thinks they are unnecessary.
-You do not have to be surprised the sudden changes of the number of
-blocks, when your filesystem which xino files are placed supports the
-pre-allocation feature.
-
-The rests are hidden xino file information in the format of,
-
-.nf
-<file count>, <blocks>x<block size> <file size>
-.fi
-
-If the file count is larger than 1, it means some of your branches are
-on the same filesystem and the xino file is shared by them.
-Note that the file size may not be equal to the actual consuming blocks
-since xino file is a sparse file, i.e. a hole in a file which does not
-consume any disk blocks.
-
-Once you unmount aufs, the xino files for that aufs are totally gone.
-It means that the inode number is not permanent across umount or
-shutdown.
-
-The xino files should be created on the filesystem except NFS.
-If your first writable branch is NFS, you will need to specify xino
-file path other than NFS.
-Also if you are going to remove the branch where xino files exist or
-change the branch permission to readonly, you need to use xino option
-before del/mod the branch.
-
-The bitmap file can be truncated.
-For example, if you delete a branch which has huge number of files,
-many inode numbers will be recycled and the bitmap will be truncated
-to smaller size. Aufs does this automatically when a branch is
-deleted.
-You can truncate it anytime you like if you specify `trunc_xib' mount
-option. But when the accessed inode number was not deleted, nothing
-will be truncated.
-If you do not want to truncate it (it may be slow) when you delete a
-branch, specify `notrunc_xib' after `del' mount option.
-
-If you do not want to use xino, use noxino mount option. Use this
-option with care, since the inode number may be changed silently and
-unexpectedly anytime.
-For example,
-rmdir failure, recursive chmod/chown/etc to a large and deep directory
-or anything else.
-And some applications will not work correctly.
-.\" When the inode number has been changed, your system
-.\" can be crazy.
-If you want to change the xino default path, use xino mount option.
-
-After you add branches, the persistence of inode number may not be
-guaranteed.
-At remount time, cached but unused inodes are discarded.
-And the newly appeared inode may have different inode number at the
-next access time. The inodes in use have the persistent inode number.
-
-When aufs assigned an inode number to a file, and if you create the
-same named file on the upper branch directly, then the next time you
-access the file, aufs may assign another inode number to the file even
-if you use xino option.
-Some applications may treat the file whose inode number has been
-changed as totally different file.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Pseudo Link (hardlink over branches)
-Aufs supports `pseudo link' which is a logical hard-link over
-branches (cf. ln(1) and link(2)).
-In other words, a copied-up file by link(2) and a copied-up file which was
-hard-linked on a readonly branch filesystem.
-
-When you have files named fileA and fileB which are
-hardlinked on a readonly branch, if you write something into fileA,
-aufs copies-up fileA to a writable branch, and write(2) the originally
-requested thing to the copied-up fileA. On the writable branch,
-fileA is not hardlinked.
-But aufs remembers it was hardlinked, and handles fileB as if it existed
-on the writable branch, by referencing  fileA's inode on the writable
-branch as fileB's inode.
-
-Once you unmount aufs, the plink info for that aufs kept in memory are totally
-gone.
-It means that the pseudo-link is not permanent.
-If you want to make plink permanent, try `auplink' utility just before
-one of these operations,
-unmounting your aufs,
-using `ro' or `noplink' mount option,
-deleting a branch from aufs,
-adding a branch into aufs,
-or changing your writable branch to readonly.
-
-This utility will reproduces all real hardlinks on a writable branch by linking
-them, and removes pseudo-link info in memory and temporary link on the
-writable branch.
-Since this utility access your branches directly, you cannot hide them by
-`mount \-\-bind /tmp /branch' or something.
-
-If you are willing to rebuild your aufs with the same branches later, you
-should use auplink utility before you umount your aufs.
-If you installed both of /sbin/mount.aufs and /sbin/umount.aufs, and your
-mount(8) and umount(8) support them,
-`auplink' utility will be executed automatically and flush pseudo-links.
-
-.nf
-# auplink /your/aufs/root flush
-# umount /your/aufs/root
-or
-# auplink /your/aufs/root flush
-# mount -o remount,mod:/your/writable/branch=ro /your/aufs/root
-or
-# auplink /your/aufs/root flush
-# mount -o remount,noplink /your/aufs/root
-or
-# auplink /your/aufs/root flush
-# mount -o remount,del:/your/aufs/branch /your/aufs/root
-or
-# auplink /your/aufs/root flush
-# mount -o remount,append:/your/aufs/branch /your/aufs/root
-.fi
-
-The plinks are kept both in memory and on disk. When they consumes too much
-resources on your system, you can use the `auplink' utility at anytime and
-throw away the unnecessary pseudo-links in safe.
-
-Additionally, the `auplink' utility is very useful for some security reasons.
-For example, when you have a directory whose permission flags
-are 0700, and a file who is 0644 under the 0700 directory. Usually,
-all files under the 0700 directory are private and no one else can see
-the file. But when the directory is 0711 and someone else knows the 0644
-filename, he can read the file.
-
-Basically, aufs pseudo-link feature creates a temporary link under the
-directory whose owner is root and the permission flags are 0700.
-But when the writable branch is NFS, aufs sets 0711 to the directory.
-When the 0644 file is pseudo-linked, the temporary link, of course the
-contents of the file is totally equivalent, will be created under the
-0711 directory. The filename will be generated by its inode number.
-While it is hard to know the generated filename, someone else may try peeping
-the temporary pseudo-linked file by his software tool which may try the name
-from one to MAX_INT or something.
-In this case, the 0644 file will be read unexpectedly.
-I am afraid that leaving the temporary pseudo-links can be a security hole.
-It makes sense to execute `auplink /your/aufs/root flush'
-periodically, when your writable branch is NFS.
-
-When your writable branch is not NFS, or all users are careful enough to set 0600
-to their private files, you do not have to worry about this issue.
-
-If you do not want this feature, use `noplink' mount option.
-
-.SS The behaviours of plink and noplink
-This sample shows that the `f_src_linked2' with `noplink' option cannot follow
-the link.
-
-.nf
-none on /dev/shm/u type aufs (rw,xino=/dev/shm/rw/.aufs.xino,br:/dev/shm/rw=rw:/dev/shm/ro=ro)
-$ ls -li ../r?/f_src_linked* ./f_src_linked* ./copied
-ls: ./copied: No such file or directory
-15 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked
-15 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked2
-22 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked
-22 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked2
-$ echo abc >> f_src_linked
-$ cp f_src_linked copied
-$ ls -li ../r?/f_src_linked* ./f_src_linked* ./copied
-15 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked
-15 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked2
-36 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ../rw/f_src_linked
-53 -rw-r--r--  1 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./copied
-22 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked
-22 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked2
-$ cmp copied f_src_linked2
-$
-
-none on /dev/shm/u type aufs (rw,xino=/dev/shm/rw/.aufs.xino,noplink,br:/dev/shm/rw=rw:/dev/shm/ro=ro)
-$ ls -li ../r?/f_src_linked* ./f_src_linked* ./copied
-ls: ./copied: No such file or directory
-17 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked
-17 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked2
-23 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked
-23 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked2
-$ echo abc >> f_src_linked
-$ cp f_src_linked copied
-$ ls -li ../r?/f_src_linked* ./f_src_linked* ./copied
-17 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked
-17 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 2 Dec 22 11:03 ../ro/f_src_linked2
-36 -rw-r--r--  1 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ../rw/f_src_linked
-53 -rw-r--r--  1 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./copied
-23 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked
-23 -rw-r--r--  2 jro jro 6 Dec 22 11:03 ./f_src_linked2
-$ cmp copied f_src_linked2
-cmp: EOF on f_src_linked2
-$
-.fi
-
-.\"
-.\" If you add/del a branch, or link/unlink the pseudo-linked
-.\" file on a branch
-.\" directly, aufs cannot keep the correct link count, but the status of
-.\" `pseudo-linked.'
-.\" Those files may or may not keep the file data after you unlink the
-.\" file on the branch directly, especially the case of your branch is
-.\" NFS.
-
-If you add a branch which has fileA or fileB, aufs does not follow the
-pseudo link. The file on the added branch has no relation to the same
-named file(s) on the lower branch(es).
-If you use noxino mount option, pseudo link will not work after the
-kernel shrinks the inode cache.
-
-This feature will not work for squashfs before version 3.2 since its
-inode is tricky.
-When the inode is hardlinked, squashfs inodes has the same inode
-number and correct link count, but the inode memory object is
-different. Squashfs inodes (before v3.2) are generated for each, even
-they are hardlinked.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH User's Direct Branch Access (UDBA)
-UDBA means a modification to a branch filesystem manually or directly,
-e.g. bypassing aufs.
-While aufs is designed and implemented to be safe after UDBA,
-it can make yourself and your aufs confused. And some information like
-aufs inode will be incorrect.
-For example, if you rename a file on a branch directly, the file on
-aufs may
-or may not be accessible through both of old and new name.
-Because aufs caches various information about the files on
-branches. And the cache still remains after UDBA.
-
-Aufs has a mount option named `udba' which specifies the test level at
-access time whether UDBA was happened or not.
-.
-.TP
-.B udba=none
-Aufs trusts the dentry and the inode cache on the system, and never
-test about UDBA. With this option, aufs runs fastest, but it may show
-you incorrect data.
-Additionally, if you often modify a branch
-directly, aufs will not be able to trace the changes of inodes on the
-branch. It can be a cause of wrong behaviour, deadlock or anything else.
-
-It is recommended to use this option only when you are sure that
-nobody access a file on a branch.
-It might be difficult for you to achieve real `no UDBA' world when you
-cannot stop your users doing `find / \-ls' or something.
-If you really want to forbid all of your users to UDBA, here is a trick
-for it.
-With this trick, users cannot see the
-branches directly and aufs runs with no problem, except `auplink' utility.
-But if you are not familiar with aufs, this trick may make
-yourself confused.
-
-.nf
-# d=/tmp/.aufs.hide
-# mkdir $d
-# for i in $branches_you_want_to_hide
-> do
->	mount -n --bind $d $i
-> done
-.fi
-
-When you unmount the aufs, delete/modify the branch by remount, or you
-want to show the hidden branches again, unmount the bound
-/tmp/.aufs.hide.
-
-.nf
-# umount -n $branches_you_want_to_unbound
-.fi
-
-If you use FUSE filesystem as an aufs branch which supports hardlink,
-you should not set this option, since FUSE makes inode objects for
-each hardlinks (at least in linux\-2.6.23). When your FUSE filesystem
-maintains them at link/unlinking, it is equivalent
-to `direct branch access' for aufs.
-
-.
-.TP
-.B udba=reval
-Aufs tests only the existence of the file which existed. If
-the existed file was removed on the branch directly, aufs
-discard the cache about the file and
-re-lookup it. So the data will be updated.
-This test is at minimum level to keep the performance and ensure the
-existence of a file.
-This is default and aufs runs still fast.
-
-This rule leads to some unexpected situation, but I hope it is
-harmless. Those are totally depends upon cache. Here are just a few
-examples.
-.
-.RS
-.Bu
-If the file is cached as negative or
-not-existed, aufs does not test it. And the file is still handled as
-negative after a user created the file on a branch directly. If the
-file is not cached, aufs will lookup normally and find the file.
-.
-.Bu
-When the file is cached as positive or existed, and a user created the
-same named file directly on the upper branch. Aufs detects the cached
-inode of the file is still existing and will show you the old (cached)
-file which is on the lower branch.
-.
-.Bu
-When the file is cached as positive or existed, and a user renamed the
-file by rename(2) directly. Aufs detects the inode of the file is
-still existing. You may or may not see both of the old and new files.
-Todo: If aufs also tests the name, we can detect this case.
-.RE
-
-If your outer modification (UDBA) is rare and you can ignore the
-temporary and minor differences between virtual aufs world and real
-branch filesystem, then try this mount option.
-.
-.TP
-.B udba=inotify
-Aufs sets `inotify' to all the accessed directories on its branches
-and receives the event about the dir and its children. It consumes
-resources, cpu and memory. And I am afraid that the performance will be
-hurt, but it is most strict test level.
-There are some limitations of linux inotify, see also Inotify
-Limitation.
-So it is recommended to leave udba default option usually, and set it
-to inotify by remount when you need it.
-
-When a user accesses the file which was notified UDBA before, the cached data
-about the file will be discarded and aufs re-lookup it. So the data will
-be updated.
-When an error condition occurs between UDBA and aufs operation, aufs
-will return an error, including EIO.
-To use this option, you need to enable CONFIG_INOTIFY and
-CONFIG_AUFS_UDBA_INOTIFY.
-
-To rename/rmdir a directory on a branch directory may reveal the same named
-directory on the lower branch. Aufs tries re-lookuping the renamed
-directory and the revealed directory and assigning different inode
-number to them. But the inode number including their children can be a
-problem. The inode numbers will be changed silently, and
-aufs may produce a warning. If you rename a directory repeatedly and
-reveal/hide the lower directory, then aufs may confuse their inode
-numbers too. It depends upon the system cache.
-
-When you make a directory in aufs and mount other filesystem on it,
-the directory in aufs cannot be removed expectedly because it is a
-mount point. But the same named directory on the writable branch can
-be removed, if someone wants. It is just an empty directory, instead
-of a mount point.
-Aufs cannot stop such direct rmdir, but produces a warning about it.
-
-If the pseudo-linked file is hardlinked or unlinked on the branch
-directly, its inode link count in aufs may be incorrect. It is
-recommended to flush the pseudo-links by auplink script.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Linux Inotify Limitation
-Unfortunately, current inotify (linux\-2.6.18) has some limitations,
-and aufs must derive it.
-
-.SS IN_ATTRIB, updating atime
-When a file/dir on a branch is accessed directly, the inode atime (access
-time, cf. stat(2)) may or may not be updated. In some cases, inotify
-does not fire this event. So the aufs inode atime may remain old.
-
-.SS IN_ATTRIB, updating nlink
-When the link count of a file on a branch is incremented by link(2)
-directly,
-inotify fires IN_CREATE to the parent
-directory, but IN_ATTRIB to the file. So the aufs inode nlink may
-remain old.
-
-.SS IN_DELETE, removing file on NFS
-When a file on a NFS branch is deleted directly, inotify may or may
-not fire
-IN_DELETE event. It depends upon the status of dentry
-(DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED flag).
-In this case, the file on aufs seems still exists. Aufs and any user can see
-the file.
-
-.SS IN_IGNORED, deleted rename target
-When a file/dir on a branch is unlinked by rename(2) directly, inotify
-fires IN_IGNORED which means the inode is deleted. Actually, in some
-cases, the inode survives. For example, the rename target is linked or
-opened. In this case, inotify watch set by aufs is removed by VFS and
-inotify.
-And aufs cannot receive the events anymore. So aufs may show you
-incorrect data about the file/dir.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Virtual or Vertical Directory Block (VDIR)
-In order to provide the merged view of file listing, aufs builds
-internal directory block on memory. For readdir, aufs performs readdir()
-internally for each dir on branches, merges their entries with
-eliminating the whiteout\-ed ones, and sets it to the opened file (dir)
-object. So the file object has its entry list until it is closed. The
-entry list will be updated when the file position is zero (by
-rewinddir(3)) and becomes obsoleted.
-
-Some people may call it can be a security hole or invite DoS attack
-since the opened and once readdir\-ed dir (file object) holds its entry
-list and becomes a pressure for system memory. But I would say it is similar
-to files under /proc or /sys. The virtual files in them also holds a
-memory page (generally) while they are opened. When an idea to reduce
-memory for them is introduced, it will be applied to aufs too.
-
-The dynamically allocated memory block for the name of entries has a
-unit of \*[AUFS_RDBLK_DEF] bytes by default.
-During building dir blocks, aufs creates hash list (hashed and divided by
-\*[AUFS_RDHASH_DEF] by default) and judging whether
-the entry is whiteouted by its upper branch or already listed.
-
-These values are suitable for normal environments. But you may have
-millions of files or very long filenames under a single directory. For
-such cases, you may need to customize these values by specifying rdblk=
-and rdhash= aufs mount options.
-
-For instance, there are 97 files under my /bin, and the total name
-length is 597 bytes.
-
-.nf
-$ \\ls -1 /bin | wc
-     97      97     597
-.fi
-
-Strictly speaking, 97 end\-of\-line codes are
-included. But it is OK since aufs VDIR also stores the name length in 1
-byte. In this case, you do not need to customize the default values. 597 bytes
-filenames will be stored in 2 VDIR memory blocks (597 <
-\*[AUFS_RDBLK_DEF] x 2).
-And 97 filenames are distributed among \*[AUFS_RDHASH_DEF] lists, so one
-list will point 4 names in average. To judge the names is whiteouted or
-not, the number of comparison will be 4. 2 memory allocations
-and 4 comparison costs low (even if the directory is opened for a long
-time). So you do not need to customize.
-
-If your directory has millions of files, the you will need to specify
-rdblk= and rdhash=.
-
-.nf
-$ ls -U /mnt/rotating-rust | wc -l
-1382438
-.fi
-
-In this case, assuming the average length of filenames is 6, in order to
-get better time performance I would
-recommend to set $((128*1024)) or $((64*1024)) for rdblk, and
-$((8*1024)) or $((4*1024)) for rdhash.
-You can change these values of the active aufs mount by "mount -o
-remount".
-
-This customization is not for
-reducing the memory space, but for reducing time for the number of memory
-allocation and the name comparison. The larger value is faster, in
-general. Of course, you will need system memory. This is a generic
-"time\-vs\-space" problem.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Copy On Write, or aufs internal copyup and copydown
-Every stackable filesystem which implements copy\-on\-write supports the
-copyup feature. The feature is to copy a file/dir from the lower branch
-to the upper internally. When you have one readonly branch and one
-upper writable branch, and you append a string to a file which exists on
-the readonly branch, then aufs will copy the file from the readonly
-branch to the writable branch with its directory hierarchy. It means one
-write(2) involves several logical/internal mkdir(2), creat(2), read(2),
-write(2) and close(2) systemcalls
-before the actual expected write(2) is performed. Sometimes it may take
-a long time, particularly when the file is very large.
-If CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG is enabled, aufs produces a message saying `copying
-a large file.'
-
-You may see the message when you change the xino file path or
-truncate the xino/xib files. Sometimes those files can be large and may
-take a long time to handle them.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Policies to Select One among Multiple Writable Branches
-Aufs has some policies to select one among multiple writable branches
-when you are going to write/modify something. There are two kinds of
-policies, one is for newly create something and the other is for
-internal copy-up.
-You can select them by specifying mount option `create=CREATE_POLICY'
-or `cpup=COPYUP_POLICY.'
-These policies have no meaning when you have only one writable
-branch. If there is some meaning, it must hurt the performance.
-
-.SS Exceptions for Policies
-In every cases below, even if the policy says that the branch where a
-new file should be created is /rw2, the file will be created on /rw1.
-.
-.Bu
-If there is a readonly branch with `wh' attribute above the
-policy-selected branch and the parent dir is marked as opaque,
-or the target (creating) file is whiteouted on the ro+wh branch, then
-the policy will be ignored and the target file will be created on the
-nearest upper writable branch than the ro+wh branch.
-.RS
-.nf
-/aufs = /rw1 + /ro+wh/diropq + /rw2
-/aufs = /rw1 + /ro+wh/wh.tgt + /rw2
-.fi
-.RE
-.
-.Bu
-If there is a writable branch above the policy-selected branch and the
-parent dir is marked as opaque or the target file is whiteouted on the
-branch, then the policy will be ignored and the target file will be
-created on the highest one among the upper writable branches who has
-diropq or whiteout. In case of whiteout, aufs removes it as usual.
-.RS
-.nf
-/aufs = /rw1/diropq + /rw2
-/aufs = /rw1/wh.tgt + /rw2
-.fi
-.RE
-.
-.Bu
-link(2) and rename(2) systemcalls are exceptions in every policy.
-They try selecting the branch where the source exists as possible since
-copyup a large file will take long time. If it can't be, ie. the
-branch where the source exists is readonly, then they will follow the
-copyup policy.
-.
-.Bu
-There is an exception for rename(2) when the target exists.
-If the rename target exists, aufs compares the index of the branches
-where the source and the target are existing and selects the higher
-one. If the selected branch is readonly, then aufs follows the copyup
-policy.
-
-.SS Policies for Creating
-.
-.TP
-.B create=tdp | top\-down\-parent
-Selects the highest writable branch where the parent dir exists. If
-the parent dir does not exist on a writable branch, then the internal
-copyup will happen. The policy for this copyup is always `bottom-up.'
-This is the default policy.
-.
-.TP
-.B create=rr | round\-robin
-Selects a writable branch in round robin. When you have two writable
-branches and creates 10 new files, 5 files will be created for each
-branch.
-mkdir(2) systemcall is an exception. When you create 10 new directories,
-all are created on the same branch.
-.
-.TP
-.B create=mfs[:second] | most\-free\-space[:second]
-Selects a writable branch which has most free space. In order to keep
-the performance, you can specify the duration (`second') which makes
-aufs hold the index of last selected writable branch until the
-specified seconds expires. The first time you create something in aufs
-after the specified seconds expired, aufs checks the amount of free
-space of all writable branches by internal statfs call
-and the held branch index will be updated.
-The default value is \*[AUFS_MFS_SECOND_DEF] seconds.
-.
-.TP
-.B create=mfsrr:low[:second]
-Selects a writable branch in most-free-space mode first, and then
-round-robin mode. If the selected branch has less free space than the
-specified value `low' in bytes, then aufs re-tries in round-robin mode.
-.\" `G', `M' and `K' (case insensitive) can be followed after `low.' Or
-Try an arithmetic expansion of shell which is defined by POSIX.
-For example, $((10 * 1024 * 1024)) for 10M.
-You can also specify the duration (`second') which is equivalent to
-the `mfs' mode.
-.
-.TP
-.B create=pmfs[:second]
-Selects a writable branch where the parent dir exists, such as tdp
-mode. When the parent dir exists on multiple writable branches, aufs
-selects the one which has most free space, such as mfs mode.
-
-.SS Policies for Copy-Up
-.
-.TP
-.B cpup=tdp | top\-down\-parent
-Equivalent to the same named policy for create.
-This is the default policy.
-.
-.TP
-.B cpup=bup | bottom\-up\-parent
-Selects the writable branch where the parent dir exists and the branch
-is nearest upper one from the copyup-source.
-.
-.TP
-.B cpup=bu | bottom\-up
-Selects the nearest upper writable branch from the copyup-source,
-regardless the existence of the parent dir.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Exporting Aufs via NFS
-Aufs is supporting NFS-exporting.
-Since aufs has no actual block device, you need to add NFS `fsid' option at
-exporting. Refer to the manual of NFS about the detail of this option.
-
-There are some limitations or requirements.
-.RS
-.Bu
-The branch filesystem must support NFS-exporting.
-.Bu
-NFSv2 is not supported. When you mount the exported aufs from your NFS
-client, you will need to some NFS options like v3 or nfsvers=3,
-especially if it is nfsroot.
-.Bu
-If the size of the NFS file handle on your branch filesystem is large,
-aufs will
-not be able to handle it. The maximum size of NFSv3 file
-handle for a filesystem is 64 bytes. Aufs uses 24 bytes for 32bit
-system, plus 12 bytes for 64bit system. The rest is a room for a file
-handle of a branch filesystem.
-.Bu
-The External Inode Number Bitmap, Translation Table and Generation Table
-(xino) is
-required since NFS file
-handle is based upon inode number. The mount option `xino' is enabled
-by default.
-The external inode generation table and its debugfs entry
-(<debugfs>/aufs/si_*/xigen) is created when CONFIG_AUFS_EXPORT is
-enabled even if you don't export aufs actually.
-The size of the external inode generation table grows only, never be
-truncated. You might need to pay attention to the free space of the
-filesystem where xino files are placed. By default, it is the first
-writable branch.
-.Bu
-The branch filesystems must be accessible, which means `not hidden.'
-It means you need to `mount \-\-move' when you use initramfs and
-switch_root(8), or chroot(8).
-.RE
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Dentry and Inode Caches
-If you want to clear caches on your system, there are several tricks
-for that. If your system ram is low,
-try `find /large/dir \-ls > /dev/null'.
-It will read many inodes and dentries and cache them. Then old caches will be
-discarded.
-But when you have large ram or you do not have such large
-directory, it is not effective.
-
-If you want to discard cache within a certain filesystem,
-try `mount \-o remount /your/mntpnt'. Some filesystem may return an error of
-EINVAL or something, but VFS discards the unused dentry/inode caches on the
-specified filesystem.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Compatible/Incompatible with Unionfs Version 1.x Series
-If you compile aufs with \-DCONFIG_AUFS_COMPAT, dirs= option and =nfsro
-branch permission flag are available. They are interpreted as
-br: option and =ro flags respectively.
- `debug', `delete', `imap' options are ignored silently. When you
-compile aufs without \-DCONFIG_AUFS_COMPAT, these three options are
-also ignored, but a warning message is issued.
-
-Ignoring `delete' option, and to keep filesystem consistency, aufs tries
-writing something to only one branch in a single systemcall. It means
-aufs may copyup even if the copyup-src branch is specified as writable.
-For example, you have two writable branches and a large regular file
-on the lower writable branch. When you issue rename(2) to the file on aufs,
-aufs may copyup it to the upper writable branch.
-If this behaviour is not what you want, then you should rename(2) it
-on the lower branch directly.
-
-And there is a simple shell
-script `unionctl' under sample subdirectory, which is compatible with
-unionctl(8) in
-Unionfs Version 1.x series, except \-\-query action.
-This script executes mount(8) with `remount' option and uses
-add/del/mod aufs mount options.
-If you are familiar with Unionfs Version 1.x series and want to use unionctl(8), you can
-try this script instead of using mount \-o remount,... directly.
-Aufs does not support ioctl(2) interface.
-This script is highly depending upon mount(8) in
-util\-linux\-2.12p package, and you need to mount /proc to use this script.
-If your mount(8) version differs, you can try modifying this
-script. It is very easy.
-The unionctl script is just for a sample usage of aufs remount
-interface.
-
-Aufs uses the external inode number bitmap and translation table by
-default.
-
-The default branch permission for the first branch is `rw', and the
-rest is `ro.'
-
-The whiteout is for hiding files on lower branches. Also it is applied
-to stop readdir going lower branches.
-The latter case is called `opaque directory.' Any
-whiteout is an empty file, it means whiteout is just an mark.
-In the case of hiding lower files, the name of whiteout is
-`\*[AUFS_WH_PFX]<filename>.'
-And in the case of stopping readdir, the name is
-`\*[AUFS_WH_PFX]\*[AUFS_WH_PFX].opq' or
-`\*[AUFS_WH_PFX]__dir_opaque.' The name depends upon your compile
-configuration
-CONFIG_AUFS_COMPAT.
-.\" All of newly created or renamed directory will be opaque.
-All whiteouts are hardlinked,
-including `<writable branch top dir>/\*[AUFS_WH_BASE].'
-
-The hardlink on an ordinary (disk based) filesystem does not
-consume inode resource newly. But in linux tmpfs, the number of free
-inodes will be decremented by link(2). It is recommended to specify
-nr_inodes option to your tmpfs if you meet ENOSPC. Use this option
-after checking by `df \-i.'
-
-When you rmdir or rename-to the dir who has a number of whiteouts,
-aufs rename the dir to the temporary whiteouted-name like
-`\*[AUFS_WH_PFX]<dir>.<random hex>.' Then remove it after actual operation.
-cf. mount option `dirwh.'
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH Incompatible with an Ordinary Filesystem
-stat(2) returns the inode info from the first existence inode among
-the branches, except the directory link count.
-Aufs computes the directory link count larger than the exact value usually, in
-order to keep UNIX filesystem semantics, or in order to shut find(1) mouth up.
-The size of a directory may be wrong too, but it has to do no harm.
-The timestamp of a directory will not be updated when a file is
-created or removed under it, and it was done on a lower branch.
-
-The test for permission bits has two cases. One is for a directory,
-and the other is for a non-directory. In the case of a directory, aufs
-checks the permission bits of all existing directories. It means you
-need the correct privilege for the directories including the lower
-branches.
-The test for a non-directory is more simple. It checks only the
-topmost inode.
-
-statfs(2) returns the information of the first branch info except
-namelen when `nosum' is specified (the default). The namelen is
-decreased by the whiteout prefix length. And the block size may differ
-from st_blksize which is obtained by stat(2).
-
-Remember, seekdir(3) and telldir(3) are not defined in POSIX. They may
-not work as you expect. Try rewinddir(3) or re-open the dir.
-
-The whiteout prefix (\*[AUFS_WH_PFX]) is reserved on all branches. Users should
-not handle the filename begins with this prefix.
-In order to future whiteout, the maximum filename length is limited by
-the longest value \- \*[AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN]. It may be a violation of POSIX.
-
-If you dislike the difference between the aufs entries in /etc/mtab
-and /proc/mounts, and if you are using mount(8) in util\-linux package,
-then try ./mount.aufs utility. Copy the script to /sbin/mount.aufs.
-This simple utility tries updating
-/etc/mtab. If you do not care about /etc/mtab, you can ignore this
-utility.
-Remember this utility is highly depending upon mount(8) in
-util\-linux\-2.12p package, and you need to mount /proc.
-
-Since aufs uses its own inode and dentry, your system may cache huge
-number of inodes and dentries. It can be as twice as all of the files
-in your union.
-It means that unmounting or remounting readonly at shutdown time may
-take a long time, since mount(2) in VFS tries freeing all of the cache
-on the target filesystem.
-
-When you open a directory, aufs will open several directories
-internally.
-It means you may reach the limit of the number of file descriptor.
-And when the lower directory cannot be opened, aufs will close all the
-opened upper directories and return an error.
-
-The sub-mount under the branch
-of local filesystem
-is ignored.
-For example, if you have mount another filesystem on
-/branch/another/mntpnt, the files under `mntpnt' will be ignored by aufs.
-It is recommended to mount the sub-mount under the mounted aufs.
-For example,
-
-.nf
-# sudo mount /dev/sdaXX /ro_branch
-# d=another/mntpnt
-# sudo mount /dev/sdbXX /ro_branch/$d
-# mkdir -p /rw_branch/$d
-# sudo mount -t aufs -o br:/rw_branch:/ro_branch none /aufs
-# sudo mount -t aufs -o br:/rw_branch/${d}:/ro_branch/${d} none /aufs/another/$d
-.fi
-
-There are several characters which are not allowed to use in a branch
-directory path and xino filename. See detail in Branch Syntax and Mount
-Option.
-
-The file-lock which means fcntl(2) with F_SETLK, F_SETLKW or F_GETLK, flock(2)
-and lockf(3), is applied to virtual aufs file only, not to the file on a
-branch. It means you can break the lock by accessing a branch directly.
-TODO: check `security' to hook locks, as inotify does.
-
-The I/O to the named pipe or local socket are not handled by aufs, even
-if it exists in aufs. After the reader and the writer established their
-connection if the pipe/socket are copied-up, they keep using the old one
-instead of the copied-up one.
-
-The fsync(2) and fdatasync(2) systemcalls return 0 which means success, even
-if the given file descriptor is not opened for writing.
-I am afraid this behaviour may violate some standards. Checking the
-behaviour of fsync(2) on ext2, aufs decided to return success.
-
-If you want to use disk-quota, you should set it up to your writable
-branch since aufs does not have its own block device.
-
-When your aufs is the root directory of your system, and your system
-tells you some of the filesystem were not unmounted cleanly, try these
-procedure when you shutdown your system.
-.nf
-# mount -no remount,ro /
-# for i in $writable_branches
-# do mount -no remount,ro $i
-# done
-.fi
-If your xino file is on a hard drive, you also need to specify
-`noxino' option or `xino=/your/tmpfs/xino' at remounting root
-directory.
-
-To rename(2) directory may return EXDEV even if both of src and tgt
-are on the same aufs. When the rename-src dir exists on multiple
-branches and the lower dir has child(ren), aufs has to copyup all his
-children. It can be recursive copyup. Current aufs does not support
-such huge copyup operation at one time in kernel space, instead
-produces a warning and returns EXDEV.
-Generally, mv(1) detects this error and tries mkdir(2) and
-rename(2) or copy/unlink recursively. So the result is harmless.
-If your application which issues rename(2) for a directory does not
-support EXDEV, it will not work on aufs.
-Also this specification is applied to the case when the src directory
-exists on the lower readonly branch and it has child(ren).
-
-If a sudden accident such like a power failure happens during aufs is
-performing, and regular fsck for branch filesystems is completed after
-the disaster, you need to extra fsck for aufs writable branches. It is
-necessary to check whether the whiteout remains incorrectly or not,
-eg. the real filename and the whiteout for it under the same parent
-directory. If such whiteout remains, aufs cannot handle the file
-correctly.
-To check the consistency from the aufs' point of view, you can use a
-simple shell script called /sbin/auchk. Its purpose is a fsck tool for
-aufs, and it checks the illegal whiteout, the remained
-pseudo-links and the remained aufs-temp files. If they are found, the
-utility reports you and asks whether to delete or not.
-It is recommended to execute /sbin/auchk for every writable branch
-filesystem before mounting aufs if the system experienced crash.
-
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH EXAMPLES
-The mount options are interpreted from left to right at remount-time.
-These examples
-shows how the options are handled. (assuming /sbin/mount.aufs was
-installed)
-
-.nf
-# mount -v -t aufs br:/day0:/base none /u
-none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/day0/.aufs.xino,br:/day0=rw:/base=ro)
-# mount -v -o remount,\\
-	prepend:/day1,\\
-	xino=/day1/xino,\\
-	mod:/day0=ro,\\
-	del:/day0 \\
-	/u
-none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/day1/xino,br:/day1=rw:/base=ro)
-.fi
-
-.nf
-# mount -t aufs br:/rw none /u
-# mount -o remount,append:/ro /u
-different uid/gid/permission, /ro
-# mount -o remount,del:/ro /u
-# mount -o remount,nowarn_perm,append:/ro /u
-#
-(there is no warning)
-.fi
-
-.\" If you want to expand your filesystem size, aufs may help you by
-.\" adding an writable branch. Since aufs supports multiple writable
-.\" branches, the old writable branch can be being writable, if you want.
-.\" In this example, any modifications to the files under /ro branch will
-.\" be copied-up to /new, but modifications to the files under /rw branch
-.\" will not.
-.\" And the next example shows the modifications to the files under /rw branch
-.\" will be copied-up to /new/a.
-.\"
-.\" Todo: test multiple writable branches policy. cpup=nearest, cpup=exist_parent.
-.\"
-.\" .nf
-.\" # mount -v -t aufs br:/rw:/ro none /u
-.\" none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/rw/.aufs.xino,br:/rw=rw:/ro=ro)
-.\" # mkfs /new
-.\" # mount -v -o remount,add:1:/new=rw /u
-.\" none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/rw/.aufs.xino,br:/rw=rw:/new=rw:/ro=ro)
-.\" .fi
-.\"
-.\" .nf
-.\" # mount -v -t aufs br:/rw:/ro none /u
-.\" none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/rw/.aufs.xino,br:/rw=rw:/ro=ro)
-.\" # mkfs /new
-.\" # mkdir /new/a new/b
-.\" # mount -v -o remount,add:1:/new/b=rw,prepend:/new/a,mod:/rw=ro /u
-.\" none on /u type aufs (rw,xino=/rw/.aufs.xino,br:/new/a=rw:/rw=ro:/new/b=rw:/ro=ro)
-.\" .fi
-
-When you use aufs as root filesystem, it is recommended to consider to
-exclude some directories. For example, /tmp and /var/log are not need
-to stack in many cases. They do not usually need to copyup or to whiteout.
-Also the swapfile on aufs (a regular file, not a block device) is not
-supported.
-In order to exclude the specific dir from aufs, try bind mounting.
-
-And there is a good sample which is for network booted diskless machines. See
-sample/ in detail.
-
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH DIAGNOSTICS
-When you add a branch to your union, aufs may warn you about the
-privilege or security of the branch, which is the permission bits,
-owner and group of the top directory of the branch.
-For example, when your upper writable branch has a world writable top
-directory,
-a malicious user can create any files on the writable branch directly,
-like copyup and modify manually. I am afraid it can be a security
-issue.
-
-When you mount or remount your union without \-o ro common mount option
-and without writable branch, aufs will warn you that the first branch
-should be writable.
-
-.\" It is discouraged to set both of `udba' and `noxino' mount options. In
-.\" this case the inode number under aufs will always be changed and may
-.\" reach the end of inode number which is a maximum of unsigned long. If
-.\" the inode number reaches the end, aufs will return EIO repeatedly.
-
-When you set udba other than inotify and change something on your
-branch filesystem directly, later aufs may detect some mismatches to
-its cache. If it is a critical mismatch, aufs returns EIO.
-
-When an error occurs in aufs, aufs prints the kernel message with
-`errno.' The priority of the message (log level) is ERR or WARNING which
-depends upon the message itself.
-You can convert the `errno' into the error message by perror(3),
-strerror(3) or something.
-For example, the `errno' in the message `I/O Error, write failed (\-28)'
-is 28 which means ENOSPC or `No space left on device.'
-
-When CONFIG_AUFS_BR_RAMFS is enabled, you can specify ramfs as an aufs
-branch. Since ramfs is simple, it does not set the maximum link count
-originally. In aufs, it is very dangerous, particularly for
-whiteouts. Finally aufs sets the maximum link count for ramfs. The
-value is 32000 which is borrowed from ext2.
-
-
-.\" .SH Current Limitation
-.
-.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" SYNOPSIS
-.\" briefly describes the command or function's interface.  For  commands,  this
-.\" shows the syntax of the command and its arguments (including options); bold-
-.\" face is used for as-is text and italics are  used  to  indicate  replaceable
-.\" arguments. Brackets ([]) surround optional arguments, vertical bars (|) sep-
-.\" arate choices, and ellipses (...) can be repeated.  For functions, it  shows
-.\" any required data declarations or #include directives, followed by the func-
-.\" tion declaration.
-.
-.\" DESCRIPTION
-.\" gives an explanation of what the command, function, or format does.  Discuss
-.\" how  it  interacts  with  files  and standard input, and what it produces on
-.\" standard output  or  standard  error.   Omit  internals  and  implementation
-.\" details  unless  they're critical for understanding the interface.  Describe
-.\" the usual case; for information on options  use  the  OPTIONS  section.   If
-.\" there  is some kind of input grammar or complex set of subcommands, consider
-.\" describing them in a separate USAGE section (and just place an  overview  in
-.\" the DESCRIPTION section).
-.
-.\" RETURN VALUE
-.\" gives a list of the values the library routine will return to the caller and
-.\" the conditions that cause these values to be returned.
-.
-.\" EXIT STATUS
-.\" lists the possible exit status values or a program and the  conditions  that
-.\" cause these values to be returned.
-.
-.\" USAGE
-.\" describes the grammar of any sublanguage this implements.
-.
-.\" FILES
-.\" lists  the  files the program or function uses, such as configuration files,
-.\" startup files, and files the program directly operates on.   Give  the  full
-.\" pathname  of  these  files,  and  use the installation process to modify the
-.\" directory part to match user preferences.  For many  programs,  the  default
-.\" installation  location is in /usr/local, so your base manual page should use
-.\" /usr/local as the base.
-.
-.\" ENVIRONMENT
-.\" lists all environment variables that affect your program or function and how
-.\" they affect it.
-.
-.\" SECURITY
-.\" discusses security issues and implications.  Warn  about  configurations  or
-.\" environments  that should be avoided, commands that may have security impli-
-.\" cations, and so on, especially if they aren't obvious.  Discussing  security
-.\" in  a  separate section isn't necessary; if it's easier to understand, place
-.\" security information in the other sections (such as the DESCRIPTION or USAGE
-.\" section).  However, please include security information somewhere!
-.
-.\" CONFORMING TO
-.\" describes any standards or conventions this implements.
-.
-.\" NOTES
-.\" provides miscellaneous notes.
-.
-.\" BUGS
-.\" lists  limitations,  known defects or inconveniences, and other questionable
-.\" activities.
-
-.SH COPYRIGHT
-Copyright \(co 2005\-2009 Junjiro R. Okajima
-
-.SH AUTHOR
-Junjiro R. Okajima
-
-.\" SEE ALSO
-.\" lists  related  man  pages in alphabetical order, possibly followed by other
-.\" related pages or documents.  Conventionally this is the last section.
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.shlib b/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.shlib
deleted file mode 100644
index 7aa07665c..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/aufs.shlib
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
-#
-# This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-
-# library functions for aufs shell scripts
-
-# path in canonical representation
-SetDir() # var dir
-{
-	cd "$2"
-	eval "$1=\"$PWD\""
-	cd "$OLDPWD"
-}
-
-# escape the unprintable characters, mainly for grep-ping /proc/mounts
-Esc() # [-e]
-{
-	sed -r -e '
-	s/\\/\\134/g
-	s/$/\\012/
-	' |
-	tr -d '\n' |
-	sed -r -e '
-	s/ /\\040/g
-	s/\t/\\011/g
-	s/\r/\\015/g
-	s/\\012$//
-	' |
-	{ test $# -eq 1 &&
-	test "$1" = "-e" &&
-	sed -r -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' ||
-	cat; }
-	echo
-}
-
-# find a mount-entry by its mount-point
-FindMntEnt() # mntpnt
-{
-	proc_mounts=/proc/self/mounts
-	test ! -e $proc_mounts && proc_mounts=/proc/$$/mounts
-	test ! -e $proc_mounts && proc_mounts=/proc/mounts
-	fgrep \ $(echo "$1" | Esc)\ aufs\  $proc_mounts |
-	tail -n 1
-}
-
-# current mount options
-MntOpts() # mntpnt
-{
-	FindMntEnt "$1" |
-	cut -f4 -d' '
-}
-
-########################################
-
-AuDebug() # 1 | 0 [sec]
-{
-	test $1 -eq 0 && set +x
-	aufs_debug=/sys/module/aufs/parameters/debug
-	if [ -f $aufs_debug ]
-	then
-		echo $1 | sudo dd of=$aufs_debug 2> /dev/null
-		test $# -eq 2 && sleep $2
-	fi
-	test $1 -eq 1 && set -x
-	true
-}
-
-# Local variables: ;
-# mode: text;
-# End: ;
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/auplink.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/auplink.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b48bea51..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/auplink.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-static void usage(char *me)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr,
-		"usage: %s aufs_mount_point list|cpup|flush\n"
-		"'list' shows the pseudo-linked inode numbers and filenames.\n"
-		"'cpup' copies-up all pseudo-link to the writeble branch.\n"
-		"'flush' calls 'cpup', and then 'mount -o remount,clean_plink=inum'\n"
-		"and remove the whiteouted plink.\n", me);
-	exit(EINVAL);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	int err, cmd;
-	char *cwd;
-
-	if (argc != 3)
-		usage(argv[0]);
-
-	if (!strcmp(argv[2], "flush"))
-		cmd = AuPlink_FLUSH;
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[2], "list"))
-		cmd = AuPlink_LIST;
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[2], "cpup"))
-		cmd = AuPlink_CPUP;
-	else {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		AuFin("%s", argv[2]);
-		cmd = 0; /* never reach here */
-	}
-
-	err = chdir(argv[1]);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("chdir");
-	cwd = getcwd(NULL, 0); /* glibc */
-	if (!cwd)
-		AuFin("getcwd");
-	return au_plink(cwd, cmd, 1, 0);
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/br.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/br.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6451c120e..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/br.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#define _GNU_SOURCE /* strndup */
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-static int by_opts(char ***br, int *nbr, char *bropt)
-{
-	char *p, **a;
-	int l;
-
-	/* bropts is placed at the end of mnt_opts */
-	errno = EINVAL;
-	//puts(bropt);
-	if (strchr(bropt, ','))
-		AuFin("%s", bropt);
-
-	l = strlen(bropt);
-	p = malloc(l + 2);
-	if (!p)
-		AuFin("malloc");
-	memcpy(p, bropt, l + 1);
-	bropt = p;
-	bropt[l + 1] = 0; /* end marker */
-
-	*nbr = 1;
-	while (1) {
-		p = strchr(p + 1, ':');
-		if (!p)
-			break;
-		*p = 0;
-		(*nbr)++;
-	}
-
-	a = malloc(sizeof(a) * (*nbr + 1));
-	if (!a)
-		AuFin("malloc");
-
-	*br = a;
-	*a++ = bropt;
-	p = bropt;
-	while (*p) {
-		p += strlen(p) + 1;
-		*a++ = p;
-	}
-	*--a = NULL;
-	/* don't free bropt */
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define SiPathPrefix	"/tmp/aufs/si_"
-#define BufSiz		4
-#else
-#define SiPathPrefix	"/sys/fs/aufs/si_"
-#define BufSiz		BUFSIZ
-#endif
-
-static int by_sysfs(char ***br, int *nbr, char *siopt)
-{
-	int err, i, l, sz;
-	char buf[BufSiz], path[] = SiPathPrefix "1234567890123456/br32767";
-	char *p, *end, **a, *q;
-	FILE *fp;
-
-	errno = EINVAL;
-	end = strchr(siopt, ',');
-	if (end)
-		i = end - siopt;
-	else
-		i = strlen(siopt);
-
-	strncpy(path + sizeof(SiPathPrefix) - 1, siopt, i);
-	p = path + sizeof(SiPathPrefix) - 1 + i;
-	strcpy(p, "/br");
-	p += 3; /* "/br" */
-	*nbr = 0;
-	err = 0;
-	while (!err) {
-		sprintf(p, "%d", (*nbr)++);
-		err = access(path, F_OK);
-	}
-
-	a = malloc(sizeof(*br) * *nbr);
-	if (!a)
-		AuFin("malloc");
-
-	(*nbr)--;
-	*br = a;
-	for (i = 0; i < *nbr; i++) {
-		sprintf(p, "%d", i);
-		fp = fopen(path, "r");
-		if (!fp)
-			AuFin("%s", path);
-		if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) != buf)
-			AuFin("%s", path);
-		l = strlen(buf);
-		if (l < 1)
-			AuFin("internal error, %d", l);
-
-		q = strndup(buf, l - 1);
-		if (buf[l - 1] != '\n') {
-			/* a branch path with crazy length */
-			/* stat(2) for sysfs is meaningless */
-			sz = sizeof(buf);
-			do {
-				free(q);
-				sz <<= 1;
-				q = malloc(sz);
-				if (!q)
-					AuFin("malloc");
-				rewind(fp);
-				if (fgets(q, sz, fp) != q)
-					AuFin("%s", path);
-				l = strlen(q);
-			} while (q[l - 1] != '\n');
-			q[l - 1] = 0;
-		}
-
-		*a++ = q;
-		/* don't free q */
-		fclose(fp); /* ignore */
-	}
-	*a = NULL;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#define BrOpt	",br:"
-#define SiOpt	"si"
-int au_br(char ***br, int *nbr, struct mntent *ent)
-{
-	char *p;
-
-	*nbr = 0;
-	p = strstr(ent->mnt_opts, BrOpt);
-	if (p)
-		return by_opts(br, nbr, p + sizeof(BrOpt) - 1);
-	p = hasmntopt(ent, SiOpt);
-	if (p)
-		return by_sysfs(br, nbr, p + sizeof(SiOpt));
-
-	/* broken opts */
-	AuFin("internal error, %s", ent->mnt_opts);
-	return -1; /* never reach here */
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/c2sh.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/c2sh.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 80ef044a1..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/c2sh.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-
-#define AUFS_WH_PFX2	AUFS_WH_PFX AUFS_WH_PFX
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-#define p(m, v, fmt)	printf("%s=" fmt "\n", m, v)
-#define pstr(m)		p(#m, m, "%s")
-#define pint(m)		p(#m, m, "%d")
-	pstr(AUFS_VERSION);
-	pint(AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC);
-	printf("AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC_HEX=0x%x\n", AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_PFX);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_PFX2);
-	pstr(AUFS_WKQ_NAME);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_DIROPQ);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_BASE);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_ORPHDIR);
-	//pint(AUFS_BRANCH_MAX);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/c2tmac.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/c2tmac.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 0018763b4..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/c2tmac.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-#define p(m, v, fmt)	printf(".ds %s " fmt "\n", m, v)
-#define pstr(m)		p(#m, m, "%s")
-#define pint(m)		p(#m, m, "%d")
-	pstr(AUFS_VERSION);
-	pstr(AUFS_XINO_FNAME);
-	pstr(AUFS_XINO_DEFPATH);
-	pint(AUFS_DIRWH_DEF);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_PFX);
-	pint(AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN);
-	pstr(AUFS_WKQ_NAME);
-	pint(AUFS_NWKQ_DEF);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_DIROPQ);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_BASE);
-	pstr(AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR);
-	pint(AUFS_MFS_SECOND_DEF);
-	pint(AUFS_RDBLK_DEF);
-	pint(AUFS_RDHASH_DEF);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/compat.h b/package/aufs2-util/src/compat.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ddb436e7e..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/compat.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#ifndef __compat_h__
-#define __compat_h__
-
-#ifndef AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
-#define AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW	0x100   /* Do not follow symbolic links.  */
-
-#define __KERNEL__
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <asm/unistd.h>
-#define fstatat fstatat64
-int fstatat(int dirfd, const char *path, struct stat *buf, int flags);
-_syscall4(int, fstatat64, int, _dirfd, const char *, path, struct stat *, buf, int, flags);
-#undef __KERNEL__
-#endif
-
-#endif /* __compat_h__ */
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/mount.aufs.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/mount.aufs.c
deleted file mode 100644
index d801cfd3c..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/mount.aufs.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-/*
- * The main purpose of this script is updating /etc/mtab and calling auplilnk.
- * This behaviour is highly depending on mount(8) in util-linux package.
- */
-
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE	500	/* getsubopt */
-#define _BSD_SOURCE		/* dirfd */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <regex.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <wait.h>
-
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-enum { Remount, Bind, Fake, Update, Verbose, AuFlush, LastOpt };
-static void test_opts(char opts[], unsigned char flags[])
-{
-	int c;
-	char *p, *o, *val, *pat[] = {
-		[Remount]	= "remount",
-		[Bind]		= "bind",
-		NULL
-	};
-
-	o = strdup(opts);
-	if (!o)
-		AuFin("stdup");
-
-	p = o;
-	while (*p) {
-		c = getsubopt(&p, pat, &val);
-		switch (c) {
-		case Remount:
-			flags[Remount] = 1;
-			break;
-		case Bind:
-			flags[Bind] = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	free(o);
-}
-
-static int test_flush(char opts[])
-{
-	int err, i;
-	regex_t preg;
-	char *p, *o;
-	const char *pat = "^((add|ins|append|prepend|del)[:=]"
-		"|(mod|imod)[:=][^,]*=ro"
-		"|(noplink|ro)$)";
-
-
-	o = strdup(opts);
-	if (!o)
-		AuFin("stdup");
-
-	p = o;
-	i = 1;
-	while ((p = strchr(p, ','))) {
-		i++;
-		*p++ = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* todo: try getsubopt(3)? */
-	err = regcomp(&preg, pat, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("regcomp");
-
-	p = o;
-	while (i--) {
-		if (!regexec(&preg, p, 0, NULL, 0)) {
-			err = 1;
-			break;
-		} else
-			p += strlen(p) + 1;
-	}
-	regfree(&preg);
-	free(o);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void do_mount(char *dev, char *mntpnt, int argc, char *argv[],
-		     unsigned char flags[])
-{
-	int i;
-	const int ac = argc + 6;
-	char *av[ac], **a;
-
-	/* todo: eliminate the duplicated options */
-	a = av;
-	*a++ = "mount";
-	*a++ = "-i";
-	if (flags[Fake])
-		*a++ = "-f";
-	if (!flags[Bind] || !flags[Update])
-		*a++ = "-n";
-	if (flags[Bind] && flags[Verbose])
-		*a++ = "-v";
-	*a++ = "-t";
-	*a++ = AUFS_NAME;
-
-	for (i = 3; i < argc; i++)
-		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-v") && strcmp(argv[i], "-n"))
-			*a++ = argv[i];
-	*a++ = dev;
-	*a++ = mntpnt;
-	*a++ = NULL;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-	for (i = 0; av[i] && i < ac; i++)
-		puts(av[i]);
-	exit(0);
-#endif
-	execvp("mount", av);
-	AuFin("mount");
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	int err, c, status;
-	pid_t pid;
-	unsigned char flags[LastOpt];
-	struct mntent ent;
-	char *dev, *mntpnt, *opts, *cwd;
-	DIR *cur;
-
-	if (argc < 3) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		AuFin(NULL);
-	}
-
-	memset(flags, 0, sizeof(flags));
-	flags[Update] = 1;
-	opts = NULL;
-
-	/* mount(8) always passes the arguments in this order */
-	dev = argv[1];
-	mntpnt = argv[2];
-	while ((c = getopt(argc - 2, argv + 2, "fnvo:")) != -1) {
-		switch (c) {
-		case 'f':
-			flags[Fake] = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'n':
-			flags[Update] = 0;
-			break;
-		case 'v':
-			flags[Verbose] = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'o':
-			opts = optarg;
-			break;
-		case '?':
-		case ':':
-			errno = EINVAL;
-			AuFin("internal error");
-		}
-	}
-
-	cur = opendir(".");
-	if (!cur)
-		AuFin(".");
-	err = chdir(mntpnt);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("%s", mntpnt);
-	cwd = getcwd(NULL, 0); /* glibc */
-	if (!cwd)
-		AuFin("getcwd");
-	err = fchdir(dirfd(cur));
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("fchdir");
-	closedir(cur); /* ignore */
-
-	if (opts)
-		test_opts(opts, flags);
-
-	if (!flags[Bind] && flags[Update]) {
-		err = access(MTab, R_OK | W_OK);
-		if (err)
-			AuFin(MTab);
-	}
-
-	if (flags[Remount]) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		if (flags[Bind])
-			AuFin("both of remount and bind are specified");
-		flags[AuFlush] = test_flush(opts);
-		if (flags[AuFlush] /* && !flags[Fake] */) {
-			err = au_plink(cwd, AuPlink_FLUSH, 1, 1);
-			if (err)
-				AuFin(NULL);
-		}
-	}
-
-	pid = fork();
-	if (!pid) {
-		/* actual mount operation */
-		do_mount(dev, mntpnt, argc, argv, flags);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (pid < 0)
-		AuFin("fork");
-
-	err = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		AuFin("child process");
-
-	err = !WIFEXITED(status);
-	if (!err)
-		err = WEXITSTATUS(status);
-
-	if (!err && !flags[Bind]) {
-		if (flags[Update])
-			err = au_update_mtab(cwd, flags[Remount],
-					     flags[Verbose]);
-		else if (flags[Verbose]) {
-			/* withoug blocking plink */
-			err = au_proc_getmntent(cwd, &ent);
-			if (!err)
-				au_print_ent(&ent);
-			else
-				AuFin("internal error");
-		}
-	}
-
-	return err;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/mtab.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/mtab.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 713e9e267..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/mtab.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-/* cf. fstab.c or the locking for /etc/mtab in util-linux */
-/*
- * we need to extract a part of util-linux and create a simple and generic
- * library for locking /etc/mtab.
- */
-
-/* #include <linux/proc_fs.h> */
-#define PROC_SUPER_MAGIC 0x9fa0
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/statfs.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-void au_print_ent(struct mntent *ent)
-{
-	printf("%s on %s type %s (%s)\n",
-	       ent->mnt_fsname, ent->mnt_dir, ent->mnt_type, ent->mnt_opts);
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static void lock_mtab(char *pid_file)
-{
-	int err, i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-		err = link(pid_file, MTab "~");
-		if (!err)
-			break;
-		sleep(1);
-	}
-	if (err)
-		AuFin(MTab "~");
-}
-
-static void unlock_mtab(void)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	err = rename(MTab "~", MTab);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin(MTab);
-}
-
-static void append_mtab(FILE *fp, FILE *ofp, struct mntent *ent)
-{
-	int err;
-	struct mntent *p;
-
-	while ((p = getmntent(ofp))) {
-		err = addmntent(fp, p);
-		if (err)
-			AuFin("addmntent");
-	}
-
-	err = addmntent(fp, ent);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("addmntent");
-}
-
-/* todo: there are some cases which options are not changed */
-static void update_mtab(FILE *fp, char *mntpnt, int do_remount, int do_verbose)
-{
-	int err;
-	long pos;
-	FILE *ofp;
-	struct mntent ent, *p;
-
-	/* prohibit updating mount options for this mntpnt */
-	au_plink_maint(mntpnt);
-	err = au_proc_getmntent(mntpnt, &ent);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("no such mount point");
-
-	ofp = setmntent(MTab, "r");
-	if (!ofp)
-		AuFin(MTab);
-
-	if (do_remount) {
-		/* find the last one */
-		pos = -1;
-		while ((p = getmntent(ofp))) {
-			if (!strcmp(p->mnt_dir, mntpnt))
-				pos = ftell(ofp);
-		}
-		rewind(ofp);
-
-		if (pos > 0) {
-			while ((p = getmntent(ofp))) {
-				if (ftell(ofp) == pos) {
-					/* replace the line */
-					p = &ent;
-					pos = -1;
-				}
-				err = addmntent(fp, p);
-				if (err)
-					AuFin("addmntent");
-			}
-			if (pos > 0)
-				AuFin("internal error");
-		} else
-			append_mtab(fp, ofp, &ent);
-	} else
-		append_mtab(fp, ofp, &ent);
-
-	endmntent(ofp); /* ignore */
-	au_plink_maint(NULL);
-	if (do_verbose)
-		au_print_ent(&ent);
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-int au_update_mtab(char *mntpnt, int do_remount, int do_verbose)
-{
-	int err, fd, status, e2;
-	pid_t pid;
-	ino_t ino;
-	struct stat st;
-	struct statfs stfs;
-	struct flock flock = {
-		.l_type		= F_WRLCK,
-		.l_whence	= SEEK_SET,
-		.l_start	= 0,
-		.l_len		= 0
-	};
-	char pid_file[sizeof(MTab "~.") + 20];
-	FILE *fp;
-
-	err = statfs(MTab, &stfs);
-	if (stfs.f_type == PROC_SUPER_MAGIC)
-		return 0;
-
-	snprintf(pid_file, sizeof(pid_file), MTab "~.%d", getpid());
-	fd = open(pid_file, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL,
-		  S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		AuFin("%s", pid_file);
-	err = fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &flock);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("%s", pid_file);
-	fp = fdopen(fd, "r+");
-	if (!fp)
-		AuFin("%s", pid_file);
-
-	pid = fork();
-	if (!pid) {
-		lock_mtab(pid_file);
-		update_mtab(fp, mntpnt, do_remount, do_verbose);
-		unlock_mtab();
-		return 0;
-	} else if (pid < 0)
-		AuFin("fork");
-
-	err = fstat(fd, &st);
-	if (err)
-		perror(pid_file);
-	ino = st.st_ino;
-
-	err = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		perror(pid_file);
-		goto out;
-	}
-	err = !WIFEXITED(status);
-	if (!err)
-		err = WEXITSTATUS(status);
-
-	e2 = unlink(pid_file);
-	if (e2 && errno != ENOENT)
-		perror(pid_file);
-	e2 = stat(MTab "~", &st);
-	if (!e2) {
-		if (st.st_ino == ino) {
-			/*
-			 * The inode number is same,
-			 * it means it is we who made the file.
-			 * If someone else removed our file between stat(2) and
-			 * unlink(2), it is a breakage of the rule.
-			 */
-			e2 = unlink(MTab "~");
-			if (e2)
-				perror(MTab);
-		}
-	} else if (errno != ENOENT)
-		perror(MTab "~");
-	fclose(fp);
-
- out:
-	return err;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/plink.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/plink.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ff16c76a..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/plink.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,356 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS	64	/* ftw.h */
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE		500	/* ftw.h */
-#define _GNU_SOURCE			/* ftw.h */
-
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <ftw.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-/* todo: try argz? */
-static struct name_array {
-	char *o;
-	int bytes;
-
-	char *cur;
-	int nname;
-} na;
-
-static struct ino_array {
-	char *o;
-	int bytes;
-
-	union {
-		char *p;
-		ino_t *cur;
-	};
-	int nino;
-} ia;
-
-static int na_append(char *plink_dir, char *name)
-{
-	int l, sz;
-	char *p;
-	const int cur = na.cur - na.o;
-
-	l = strlen(plink_dir) + strlen(name) + 2;
-	sz = na.bytes + l;
-	p = realloc(na.o, sz);
-	if (!p)
-		AuFin("realloc");
-
-	na.o = p;
-	na.bytes = sz;
-	na.cur = p + cur;
-	na.cur += sprintf(na.cur, "%s/%s", plink_dir, name) + 1;
-	na.nname++;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int ia_append(ino_t ino)
-{
-	int sz;
-	char *p;
-	const int cur = ia.p - ia.o;
-
-	sz = na.bytes + sizeof(ino_t);
-	p = realloc(ia.o, sz);
-	if (!p)
-		AuFin("realloc");
-
-	ia.o = p;
-	ia.bytes = sz;
-	ia.p = p + cur;
-	*ia.cur++ = ino;
-	ia.nino++;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int build_array(char *plink_dir)
-{
-	int err;
-	DIR *dp;
-	struct dirent *de;
-	char *p;
-	ino_t ino;
-
-	err = access(plink_dir, F_OK);
-	if (err)
-		return 0;
-
-	err = 0;
-	dp = opendir(plink_dir);
-	if (!dp)
-		AuFin("%s", plink_dir);
-	while ((de = readdir(dp))) {
-		if (!strcmp(de->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".."))
-			continue;
-#if 0
-		if (de->d_type == DT_DIR) {
-			errno = EISDIR;
-			AuFin(de->d_name);
-		}
-#endif
-
-		err = na_append(plink_dir, de->d_name);
-		if (err)
-			break;
-
-		p = strchr(de->d_name, '.');
-		if (!p) {
-			errno = EINVAL;
-			AuFin("internal error, %s", de->d_name);
-		}
-		*p = 0;
-		errno = 0;
-		ino = strtoull(de->d_name, NULL, 0);
-		if (ino == /*ULLONG_MAX*/-1 && errno == ERANGE)
-			AuFin("internal error, %s", de->d_name);
-		err = ia_append(ino);
-		if (err)
-			break;
-	}
-	closedir(dp);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int ia_test(ino_t ino)
-{
-	int i;
-	ino_t *p;
-
-	/* todo: hash table */
-	ia.p = ia.o;
-	p = ia.cur;
-	for (i = 0; i < ia.nino; i++)
-		if (*p++ == ino)
-			return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static int ftw_list(const char *fname, const struct stat *st, int flags,
-		   struct FTW *ftw)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(fname + ftw->base, AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR))
-		return FTW_SKIP_SUBTREE;
-	if (flags == FTW_D || flags == FTW_DNR)
-		return FTW_CONTINUE;
-
-	if (ia_test(st->st_ino))
-		puts(fname);
-
-	return FTW_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-static int ftw_cpup(const char *fname, const struct stat *st, int flags,
-		   struct FTW *ftw)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	if (!strcmp(fname + ftw->base, AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR))
-		return FTW_SKIP_SUBTREE;
-	if (flags == FTW_D || flags == FTW_DNR)
-		return FTW_CONTINUE;
-
-	/*
-	 * do nothing but update something harmless in order to make it copyup
-	 */
-	if (ia_test(st->st_ino)) {
-		Dpri("%s\n", fname);
-		if (!S_ISLNK(st->st_mode))
-			err = chown(fname, -1, -1);
-		else
-			err = lchown(fname, -1, -1);
-		if (err)
-			AuFin("%s", fname);
-	}
-
-	return FTW_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static DIR *dp;
-void au_plink_maint(char *path)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	if (path) {
-		if (dp) {
-			errno = EINVAL;
-			AuFin("dp is not NULL");
-		}
-		dp = opendir(path);
-		if (!dp)
-			AuFin("%s", path);
-
-		err = ioctl(dirfd(dp), AUFS_CTL_PLINK_MAINT);
-#ifndef DEBUG
-		if (err)
-			AuFin("AUFS_CTL_PLINK_MAINT");
-#endif
-	} else {
-		err = closedir(dp);
-		if (err)
-			AuFin("closedir");
-		dp = NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-void au_clean_plink(void)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	err = ioctl(dirfd(dp), AUFS_CTL_PLINK_CLEAN);
-#ifndef DEBUG
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("AUFS_CTL_PLINK_CLEAN");
-#endif
-}
-
-static int do_plink(char *cwd, int cmd, int nbr, char *br[])
-{
-	int err, i, l;
-	struct rlimit rlim;
-	__nftw_func_t func;
-	char *p;
-
-	err = 0;
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case AuPlink_FLUSH:
-		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
-	case AuPlink_CPUP:
-		func = ftw_cpup;
-		break;
-	case AuPlink_LIST:
-		func = ftw_list;
-		break;
-	default:
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		AuFin(NULL);
-		func = NULL; /* never reach here */
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nbr; i++) {
-		//puts(br[i]);
-		p = strchr(br[i], '=');
-		if (strcmp(p + 1, AUFS_BRPERM_RW)
-		    && strcmp(p + 1, AUFS_BRPERM_RWNLWH))
-			continue;
-
-		*p = 0;
-		l = strlen(br[i]);
-		p = malloc(l + sizeof(AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR) + 2);
-		if (!p)
-			AuFin("malloc");
-		sprintf(p, "%s/%s", br[i], AUFS_WH_PLINKDIR);
-		//puts(p);
-		err = build_array(p);
-		if (err)
-			AuFin("build_array");
-		free(p);
-	}
-	if (!ia.nino)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (cmd == AuPlink_LIST) {
-		ia.p = ia.o;
-		for (i = 0; i < ia.nino; i++)
-			printf("%llu ", (unsigned long long)*ia.cur++);
-		putchar('\n');
-	}
-
-	err = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("getrlimit");
-	nftw(cwd, func, rlim.rlim_cur - 10,
-	     FTW_PHYS | FTW_MOUNT | FTW_ACTIONRETVAL);
-	/* ignore */
-
-	if (cmd == AuPlink_FLUSH) {
-		au_clean_plink();
-
-		na.cur = na.o;
-		for (i = 0; i < na.nname; i++) {
-			Dpri("%s\n", na.cur);
-			err = unlink(na.cur);
-			if (err)
-				AuFin("%s", na.cur);
-			na.cur += strlen(na.cur) + 1;
-		}
-	}
-
- out:
-	free(ia.o);
-	free(na.o);
-	return err;
-}
-
-int au_plink(char cwd[], int cmd, int begin_maint, int end_maint)
-{
-	int err, nbr;
-	struct mntent ent;
-	char **br;
-
-	if (begin_maint)
-		au_plink_maint(cwd);
-
-	err = au_proc_getmntent(cwd, &ent);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin("no such mount point");
-
-	if (hasmntopt(&ent, "noplink"))
-		goto out; /* success */
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-	//char a[] = "a,b,br:/tmp/br0=rw:/br1=ro";
-	char a[] = "a,b,si=1,c";
-	ent.mnt_opts = a;
-#endif
-	err = au_br(&br, &nbr, &ent);
-	//printf("nbr %d\n", nbr);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin(NULL);
-
-	err = do_plink(cwd, cmd, nbr, br);
-	if (err)
-		AuFin(NULL);
-
- out:
-	if (end_maint)
-		au_plink_maint(NULL);
-	return err;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/proc_mnt.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/proc_mnt.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5230aa259..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/proc_mnt.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "au_util.h"
-
-#define ProcMounts "/proc/self/mounts"
-
-static void copy_ent(struct mntent *dst, struct mntent *src)
-{
-	free(dst->mnt_opts);
-	free(dst->mnt_type);
-	free(dst->mnt_dir);
-	free(dst->mnt_fsname);
-
-	dst->mnt_dir = NULL;
-	dst->mnt_type = NULL;
-	dst->mnt_opts = NULL;
-
-	dst->mnt_fsname = strdup(src->mnt_fsname);
-	if (dst->mnt_fsname)
-		dst->mnt_dir = strdup(src->mnt_dir);
-	if (dst->mnt_dir)
-		dst->mnt_type = strdup(src->mnt_type);
-	if (dst->mnt_type)
-		dst->mnt_opts = strdup(src->mnt_opts);
-	if (dst->mnt_opts) {
-		dst->mnt_freq = src->mnt_freq;
-		dst->mnt_passno = src->mnt_passno;
-	} else
-		AuFin("strdup");
-
-}
-
-int au_proc_getmntent(char *mntpnt, struct mntent *rent)
-{
-	int found;
-	struct mntent *p;
-	FILE *fp;
-
-	fp = setmntent(ProcMounts, "r");
-	if (!fp)
-		AuFin(ProcMounts);
-
-	/* find the last one */
-	memset(rent, 0, sizeof(*rent));
-	found = 0;
-	while ((p = getmntent(fp)))
-		if (!strcmp(p->mnt_dir, mntpnt)) {
-			Dpri("%s, %s, %s, %s, %d, %d\n",
-			     p->mnt_fsname, p->mnt_dir, p->mnt_type,
-			     p->mnt_opts, p->mnt_freq, p->mnt_passno);
-			copy_ent(rent, p);
-			found = 1;
-		}
-	endmntent(fp);
-
-	if (!found) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		AuFin("%s", mntpnt);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/rdu.c b/package/aufs2-util/src/rdu.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ac958f084..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/rdu.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,749 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2009 Junjiro Okajima
- *
- * This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- */
-
-#define _ATFILE_SOURCE
-#define _GNU_SOURCE
-#define _REENTRANT
-
-#include <linux/aufs_type.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/vfs.h>    /* or <sys/statfs.h> */
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <search.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "compat.h"
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-struct rdu {
-#ifdef AuRDU_REENTRANT
-	pthread_rwlock_t lock;
-#else
-	struct dirent de;
-#endif
-
-	int fd;
-
-	unsigned long npos, idx;
-	struct au_rdu_ent **pos;
-
-	unsigned long nent, sz;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *ent;
-
-	int shwh;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *real, *wh;
-};
-
-static struct rdu **rdu;
-#define RDU_STEP 8
-static int rdu_cur, rdu_lim = RDU_STEP;
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* #define RduLocalTest */
-#ifdef RduLocalTest
-static int rdu_test_data(struct rdu *p, int err)
-{
-	struct au_rdu_ent *e = p->ent;
-	static int i;
-
-	if (!i++) {
-		err = 3;
-		e->ino = e->type = e->nlen = 1;
-		strcpy(e->name, ".");
-		e += au_rdu_len(e->nlen);
-		e->ino = e->type = e->nlen = 2;
-		strcpy(e->name, "..");
-		e += au_rdu_len(e->nlen);
-		e->ino = e->type = e->nlen = 3;
-		strcpy(e->name, "foo");
-	} else
-		err = 0;
-
-	return err;
-}
-#else
-static int rdu_test_data(struct rdu *p, int err)
-{
-	return err;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* #define RduDebug */
-#ifdef RduDebug
-#define DPri(fmt, args...)	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: " fmt, \
-					__func__, __LINE__, ##args)
-#else
-#define DPri(fmt, args...)	do {} while (0)
-#endif
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-#ifdef AuRDU_REENTRANT
-static void rdu_rwlock_init(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	pthread_rwlock_init(&p->lock);
-}
-
-static void rdu_read_lock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&p->lock);
-}
-
-static void rdu_write_lock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&p->lock);
-}
-
-static void rdu_unlock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	pthread_rwlock_unlock(&p->lock);
-}
-
-static pthread_mutex_t rdu_lib_mtx = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-#define rdu_lib_lock()		pthread_mutex_lock(&rdu_lib_mtx)
-#define rdu_lib_unlock()	pthread_mutex_unlock(&rdu_lib_mtx)
-#define rdu_lib_must_lock()	assert(pthread_mutex_trylock(&rdu_lib_mtx))
-#else
-static void rdu_rwlock_init(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	/* empty */
-}
-
-static void rdu_read_lock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	/* empty */
-}
-
-static void rdu_write_lock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	/* empty */
-}
-
-static void rdu_unlock(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	/* empty */
-}
-
-#define rdu_lib_lock()		do {} while(0)
-#define rdu_lib_unlock()	do {} while(0)
-#define rdu_lib_must_lock()	do {} while(0)
-#endif
-
-/*
- * initialize this library, particularly global variables.
- */
-static int rdu_lib_init(void)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	err = 0;
-	if (rdu)
-		goto out;
-
-	rdu_lib_lock();
-	if (!rdu) {
-		rdu = calloc(rdu_lim, sizeof(*rdu));
-		err = !rdu;
-	}
-	rdu_lib_unlock();
-
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int rdu_append(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	int err, i;
-	void *t;
-
-	rdu_lib_must_lock();
-
-	err = 0;
-	if (rdu_cur < rdu_lim - 1)
-		rdu[rdu_cur++] = p;
-	else {
-		t = realloc(rdu, rdu_lim + RDU_STEP * sizeof(*rdu));
-		if (t) {
-			rdu = t;
-			rdu_lim += RDU_STEP;
-			rdu[rdu_cur++] = p;
-			for (i = 0; i < RDU_STEP - 1; i++)
-				rdu[rdu_cur + i] = NULL;
-		} else
-			err = -1;
-	}
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static struct rdu *rdu_new(int fd)
-{
-	struct rdu *p;
-	int err;
-
-	p = malloc(sizeof(*p));
-	if (p) {
-		rdu_rwlock_init(p);
-		p->fd = fd;
-		p->sz = BUFSIZ;
-		p->ent = malloc(BUFSIZ);
-		if (p->ent) {
-			err = rdu_append(p);
-			if (!err)
-				goto out; /* success */
-		}
-	}
-	free(p);
-	p = NULL;
-
- out:
-	return p;
-}
-
-static struct rdu *rdu_buf_lock(int fd)
-{
-	struct rdu *p;
-	int i;
-
-	assert(rdu);
-	assert(fd >= 0);
-
-	p = NULL;
-	rdu_lib_lock();
-	for (i = 0; i < rdu_cur; i++)
-		if (rdu[i] && rdu[i]->fd == fd) {
-			p = rdu[i];
-			goto out;
-		}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < rdu_cur; i++)
-		if (rdu[i] && rdu[i]->fd == -1) {
-			p = rdu[i];
-			p->fd = fd;
-			goto out;
-		}
-	if (!p)
-		p = rdu_new(fd);
-
- out:
-	if (p)
-		rdu_write_lock(p);
-	rdu_lib_unlock();
-
-	return p;
-}
-
-static void rdu_free(int fd)
-{
-	struct rdu *p;
-
-	p = rdu_buf_lock(fd);
-	if (p) {
-		free(p->ent);
-		free(p->pos);
-		p->fd = -1;
-		p->ent = NULL;
-		p->pos = NULL;
-		rdu_unlock(p);
-	}
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static int rdu_do_store(int dirfd, struct au_rdu_ent *ent,
-			struct au_rdu_ent **pos, struct rdu *p)
-{
-	int err;
-	unsigned char c;
-	struct stat st;
-
-	c = ent->name[ent->nlen];
-	ent->name[ent->nlen] = 0;
-	DPri("%s\n", ent->name);
-	err = fstatat(dirfd, ent->name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-	ent->name[ent->nlen] = c;
-	if (!err) {
-		ent->ino = st.st_ino;
-		pos[p->idx++] = ent;
-	} else {
-		DPri("err %d\n", err);
-		if (errno == ENOENT)
-			err = 0;
-	}
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-struct rdu_thread_arg {
-	int pipefd;
-	struct rdu *p;
-};
-
-static void *rdu_thread(void *_arg)
-{
-	int err, pipefd, dirfd;
-	ssize_t ssz;
-	struct rdu_thread_arg *arg = _arg;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *ent, **pos;
-	struct rdu *p;
-
-	pipefd = arg->pipefd;
-	p = arg->p;
-	dirfd = p->fd;
-	pos = p->pos;
-	while (1) {
-		DPri("read\n");
-		ssz = read(pipefd, &ent, sizeof(ent));
-		DPri("ssz %zd\n", ssz);
-		if (ssz != sizeof(ent) || !ent) {
-			//perror("read");
-			break;
-		}
-
-		//DPri("%p\n", ent);
-		err = rdu_do_store(dirfd, ent, pos, p);
-	}
-
-	DPri("here\n");
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static int rdu_store(struct rdu *p, struct au_rdu_ent *ent, int pipefd)
-{
-#ifdef RduLocalTest
-	if (ent)
-		return rdu_do_store(p->fd, ent, p->pos, p);
-	return 0;
-#else
-	ssize_t ssz;
-
-	//DPri("%p\n", ent);
-	ssz = write(pipefd, &ent, sizeof(ent));
-	DPri("ssz %zd\n", ssz);
-	//sleep(1);
-	return ssz != sizeof(ent);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/* the heart of this library */
-
-static void rdu_tfree(void *node)
-{
-	/* empty */
-}
-
-static int rdu_ent_compar(const void *_a, const void *_b)
-{
-	int ret;
-	const struct au_rdu_ent *a = _a, *b = _b;
-
-	ret = (int)a->nlen - b->nlen;
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = memcmp(a->name, b->name, a->nlen);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int rdu_ent_compar_wh(const void *_a, const void *_b)
-{
-	int ret;
-	const struct au_rdu_ent *real = _a, *wh = _b;
-
-	if (real->nlen >= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
-	    && !memcmp(real->name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN)) {
-		wh = _a;
-		real = _b;
-	}
-
-	ret = (int)wh->nlen - AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN - real->nlen;
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = memcmp(wh->name + AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN, real->name,
-			     real->nlen);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/* tsearch(3) may not be thread-safe */
-static int rdu_ent_append(struct rdu *p, struct au_rdu_ent *ent, int pipefd)
-{
-	int err;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *e;
-
-	err = 0;
-	e = tfind(ent, (void *)&p->wh, rdu_ent_compar_wh);
-	if (e)
-		goto out;
-
-	e = tsearch(ent, (void *)&p->real, rdu_ent_compar);
-	if (e)
-		err = rdu_store(p, ent, pipefd);
-	else
-		err = -1;
-
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int rdu_ent_append_wh(struct rdu *p, struct au_rdu_ent *ent, int pipefd)
-{
-	int err;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *e;
-
-	err = 0;
-	e = tfind(ent, (void *)&p->wh, rdu_ent_compar);
-	if (e)
-		goto out;
-
-	e = tsearch(ent, (void *)&p->wh, rdu_ent_compar);
-	if (e) {
-		if (p->shwh)
-			err = rdu_store(p, ent, pipefd);
-	} else
-		err = -1;
-
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int rdu_merge(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	int err;
-	unsigned long ul;
-	pthread_t th;
-	int fds[2];
-	struct rdu_thread_arg arg;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *ent;
-	void *t;
-
-	err = -1;
-	p->pos = malloc(sizeof(*p->pos) * p->npos);
-	if (!p->pos)
-		goto out;
-
-	/* pipe(2) may not be scheduled well in linux-2.6.23 and earlier */
-	err = pipe(fds);
-	if (err)
-		goto out_free;
-
-	arg.pipefd = fds[0];
-	arg.p = p;
-#ifndef RduLocalTest
-	err = pthread_create(&th, NULL, rdu_thread, &arg);
-#endif
-	if (err)
-		goto out_close;
-
-	p->real = NULL;
-	p->wh = NULL;
-	ent = p->ent;
-	for (ul = 0; !err && ul < p->npos; ul++) {
-		if (ent->nlen <= AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN
-		    || strncmp(ent->name, AUFS_WH_PFX, AUFS_WH_PFX_LEN))
-			err = rdu_ent_append(p, ent, fds[1]);
-		else
-			err = rdu_ent_append_wh(p, ent, fds[1]);
-		ent += au_rdu_len(ent->nlen);
-	}
-	rdu_store(p, /*ent*/NULL, fds[1]); /* terminate the thread */
-	tdestroy(p->real, rdu_tfree);
-	tdestroy(p->wh, rdu_tfree);
-
-#ifndef RduLocalTest
-	pthread_join(th, NULL);
-#endif
-	p->npos = p->idx;
-	t = realloc(p->pos, sizeof(*p->pos) * p->npos);
-	if (t)
-		p->pos = t;
-	/* t == NULL is not an error */
-
- out_close:
-	close(fds[1]);
-	close(fds[0]);
-	if (!err)
-		goto out; /* success */
- out_free:
-	free(p->pos);
-	p->pos = NULL;
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int rdu_init(struct rdu *p)
-{
-	int err;
-	struct aufs_rdu param;
-	char *t;
-
-	memset(&param, 0, sizeof(param));
-	param.ent = p->ent;
-	param.sz = p->sz;
-	t = getenv("AUFS_RDU_BLK");
-	if (t)
-		param.blk = strtoul(t + sizeof("AUFS_RDU_BLK"), NULL, 0);
-
-	do {
-		err = ioctl(p->fd, AUFS_CTL_RDU, &param);
-		err = rdu_test_data(p, err);
-		if (err > 0) {
-			p->npos += err;
-			if (!param.full)
-				continue;
-
-			assert(param.blk);
-			t = realloc(p->ent, p->sz + param.blk);
-			if (t) {
-				param.sz = param.blk;
-				param.ent = (void *)(t + p->sz);
-				p->ent = (void *)t;
-				p->sz += param.blk;
-			} else
-				err = -1;
-		}
-	} while (err > 0);
-	p->shwh = param.shwh;
-	if (!err)
-		err = rdu_merge(p);
-
-	if (err) {
-		free(p->ent);
-		p->ent = NULL;
-	}
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int rdu_pos(struct dirent *de, struct rdu *p, long pos)
-{
-	int err;
-	struct au_rdu_ent *ent;
-
-	err = -1;
-	if (pos <= p->npos) {
-		ent = p->pos[pos];
-		de->d_ino = ent->ino;
-		de->d_off = pos;
-		de->d_reclen = sizeof(*ent) + ent->nlen;
-		de->d_type = ent->type;
-		memcpy(de->d_name, ent->name, ent->nlen);
-		de->d_name[ent->nlen] = 0;
-		err = 0;
-	}
-	return err;
-}
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static struct dirent *(*real_readdir)(DIR *dir);
-static int (*real_readdir_r)(DIR *dir, struct dirent *de, struct dirent **rde);
-static int (*real_closedir)(DIR *dir);
-
-static int rdu_dl(void **real, char *sym)
-{
-	char *p;
-
-	if (*real)
-		return 0;
-
-	dlerror(); /* clear */
-	*real = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, sym);
-	p = dlerror();
-	if (p)
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", p);
-	return !!p;
-}
-
-#define RduDlFunc(sym) \
-static int rdu_dl_##sym(void) \
-{ \
-	return rdu_dl((void *)&real_##sym, #sym); \
-}
-
-RduDlFunc(readdir);
-RduDlFunc(closedir);
-
-#ifdef AuRDU_REENTRANT
-RduDlFunc(readdir_r);
-#else
-#define rdu_dl_readdir_r()	1
-#endif
-
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-static int rdu_readdir(DIR *dir, struct dirent *de, struct dirent **rde)
-{
-	int err, fd;
-	struct rdu *p;
-	long pos;
-	struct statfs stfs;
-
-	if (rde)
-		*rde = NULL;
-
-	errno = EBADF;
-	fd = dirfd(dir);
-	err = fd;
-	if (fd < 0)
-		goto out;
-
-	err = fstatfs(fd, &stfs);
-	if (err)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (
-#ifdef RduLocalTest
-		1 ||
-#endif
-		stfs.f_type == AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC) {
-		err = rdu_lib_init();
-		if (err)
-			goto out;
-
-		p = rdu_buf_lock(fd);
-		if (!p)
-			goto out;
-
-		pos = telldir(dir);
-		if (!pos || !p->npos) {
-			err = rdu_init(p);
-			rdu_unlock(p);
-		}
-		if (err)
-			goto out;
-
-		rdu_read_lock(p);
-		if (!de)
-			de = &p->de;
-		err = rdu_pos(de, p, pos);
-		rdu_unlock(p);
-		if (!err) {
-			*rde = de;
-			seekdir(dir, pos + 1);
-		}
-	} else if (!de) {
-		if (!rdu_dl_readdir()) {
-			err = 0;
-			*rde = real_readdir(dir);
-			if (!*rde)
-				err = -1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (!rdu_dl_readdir_r())
-			err = real_readdir_r(dir, de, rde);
-	}
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)
-{
-	struct dirent *de;
-	int err;
-
-	err = rdu_readdir(dir, NULL, &de);
-	DPri("err %d\n", err);
-	return de;
-}
-
-#ifdef AuRDU_REENTRANT
-int readdir_r(DIR *dirp, struct dirent *de, struct dirent **rde)
-{
-	return rdu_readdir(dir, de, rde);
-}
-#endif
-
-int closedir(DIR *dir)
-{
-	int err, fd;
-	struct statfs stfs;
-
-	errno = EBADF;
-	fd = dirfd(dir);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		goto out;
-	err = fstatfs(fd, &stfs);
-	if (err)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (stfs.f_type == AUFS_SUPER_MAGIC)
-		rdu_free(fd);
-	if (!rdu_dl_closedir())
-		err = real_closedir(dir);
-
- out:
-	return err;
-}
-
-#if 0
-extern DIR *opendir (__const char *__name) __nonnull ((1));
-extern int closedir (DIR *__dirp) __nonnull ((1));
-extern struct dirent *__REDIRECT (readdir, (DIR *__dirp), readdir64)
-     __nonnull ((1));
-extern struct dirent64 *readdir64 (DIR *__dirp) __nonnull ((1));
-extern int readdir_r (DIR *__restrict __dirp,
-		      struct dirent *__restrict __entry,
-		      struct dirent **__restrict __result)
-     __nonnull ((1, 2, 3));
-extern int readdir64_r (DIR *__restrict __dirp,
-			struct dirent64 *__restrict __entry,
-			struct dirent64 **__restrict __result)
-     __nonnull ((1, 2, 3));
-extern void rewinddir (DIR *__dirp) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
-extern void seekdir (DIR *__dirp, long int __pos) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
-extern long int telldir (DIR *__dirp) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
-extern int dirfd (DIR *__dirp) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
-extern int scandir (__const char *__restrict __dir,
-		    struct dirent ***__restrict __namelist,
-		    int (*__selector) (__const struct dirent *),
-		    int (*__cmp) (__const void *, __const void *))
-     __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern int scandir64 (__const char *__restrict __dir,
-		      struct dirent64 ***__restrict __namelist,
-		      int (*__selector) (__const struct dirent64 *),
-		      int (*__cmp) (__const void *, __const void *))
-     __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern int alphasort (__const void *__e1, __const void *__e2)
-     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern int alphasort64 (__const void *__e1, __const void *__e2)
-     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern int versionsort (__const void *__e1, __const void *__e2)
-     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern int versionsort64 (__const void *__e1, __const void *__e2)
-     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1, 2));
-extern __ssize_t getdirentries (int __fd, char *__restrict __buf,
-				size_t __nbytes,
-				__off_t *__restrict __basep)
-     __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
-extern __ssize_t getdirentries64 (int __fd, char *__restrict __buf,
-				  size_t __nbytes,
-				  __off64_t *__restrict __basep)
-     __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
-#endif
diff --git a/package/aufs2-util/src/umount.aufs b/package/aufs2-util/src/umount.aufs
deleted file mode 100755
index 395689236..000000000
--- a/package/aufs2-util/src/umount.aufs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh -
-
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Junjiro Okajima
-#
-# This program, aufs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-
-#
-# The main purpose of this script is calling auplink.
-#
-
-PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
-export PATH
-
-set -e
-#set -x; echo $0 $@
-dev="$1"
-shift
-auplink "$dev" flush
-exec umount -i $@ "$dev"