/* euclid.c * * Rational arithmetic routines * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * * typedef struct * { * double n; numerator * double d; denominator * }fract; * * radd( a, b, c ) c = b + a * rsub( a, b, c ) c = b - a * rmul( a, b, c ) c = b * a * rdiv( a, b, c ) c = b / a * euclid( &n, &d ) Reduce n/d to lowest terms, * return greatest common divisor. * * Arguments of the routines are pointers to the structures. * The double precision numbers are assumed, without checking, * to be integer valued. Overflow conditions are reported. */ #include #ifdef ANSIPROT extern double fabs ( double ); extern double floor ( double ); double euclid( double *, double * ); #else double fabs(), floor(), euclid(); #endif extern double MACHEP; #define BIG (1.0/MACHEP) typedef struct { double n; /* numerator */ double d; /* denominator */ }fract; /* Add fractions. */ void radd( f1, f2, f3 ) fract *f1, *f2, *f3; { double gcd, d1, d2, gcn, n1, n2; n1 = f1->n; d1 = f1->d; n2 = f2->n; d2 = f2->d; if( n1 == 0.0 ) { f3->n = n2; f3->d = d2; return; } if( n2 == 0.0 ) { f3->n = n1; f3->d = d1; return; } gcd = euclid( &d1, &d2 ); /* common divisors of denominators */ gcn = euclid( &n1, &n2 ); /* common divisors of numerators */ /* Note, factoring the numerators * makes overflow slightly less likely. */ f3->n = ( n1 * d2 + n2 * d1) * gcn; f3->d = d1 * d2 * gcd; euclid( &f3->n, &f3->d ); } /* Subtract fractions. */ void rsub( f1, f2, f3 ) fract *f1, *f2, *f3; { double gcd, d1, d2, gcn, n1, n2; n1 = f1->n; d1 = f1->d; n2 = f2->n; d2 = f2->d; if( n1 == 0.0 ) { f3->n = n2; f3->d = d2; return; } if( n2 == 0.0 ) { f3->n = -n1; f3->d = d1; return; } gcd = euclid( &d1, &d2 ); gcn = euclid( &n1, &n2 ); f3->n = (n2 * d1 - n1 * d2) * gcn; f3->d = d1 * d2 * gcd; euclid( &f3->n, &f3->d ); } /* Multiply fractions. */ void rmul( ff1, ff2, ff3 ) fract *ff1, *ff2, *ff3; { double d1, d2, n1, n2; n1 = ff1->n; d1 = ff1->d; n2 = ff2->n; d2 = ff2->d; if( (n1 == 0.0) || (n2 == 0.0) ) { ff3->n = 0.0; ff3->d = 1.0; return; } euclid( &n1, &d2 ); /* cross cancel common divisors */ euclid( &n2, &d1 ); ff3->n = n1 * n2; ff3->d = d1 * d2; /* Report overflow. */ if( (fabs(ff3->n) >= BIG) || (fabs(ff3->d) >= BIG) ) { mtherr( "rmul", OVERFLOW ); return; } /* euclid( &ff3->n, &ff3->d );*/ } /* Divide fractions. */ void rdiv( ff1, ff2, ff3 ) fract *ff1, *ff2, *ff3; { double d1, d2, n1, n2; n1 = ff1->d; /* Invert ff1, then multiply */ d1 = ff1->n; if( d1 < 0.0 ) { /* keep denominator positive */ n1 = -n1; d1 = -d1; } n2 = ff2->n; d2 = ff2->d; if( (n1 == 0.0) || (n2 == 0.0) ) { ff3->n = 0.0; ff3->d = 1.0; return; } euclid( &n1, &d2 ); /* cross cancel any common divisors */ euclid( &n2, &d1 ); ff3->n = n1 * n2; ff3->d = d1 * d2; /* Report overflow. */ if( (fabs(ff3->n) >= BIG) || (fabs(ff3->d) >= BIG) ) { mtherr( "rdiv", OVERFLOW ); return; } /* euclid( &ff3->n, &ff3->d );*/ } /* Euclidean algorithm * reduces fraction to lowest terms, * returns greatest common divisor. */ double euclid( num, den ) double *num, *den; { double n, d, q, r; n = *num; /* Numerator. */ d = *den; /* Denominator. */ /* Make numbers positive, locally. */ if( n < 0.0 ) n = -n; if( d < 0.0 ) d = -d; /* Abort if numbers are too big for integer arithmetic. */ if( (n >= BIG) || (d >= BIG) ) { mtherr( "euclid", OVERFLOW ); return(1.0); } /* Divide by zero, gcd = 1. */ if(d == 0.0) return( 1.0 ); /* Zero. Return 0/1, gcd = denominator. */ if(n == 0.0) { /* if( *den < 0.0 ) *den = -1.0; else *den = 1.0; */ *den = 1.0; return( d ); } while( d > 0.5 ) { /* Find integer part of n divided by d. */ q = floor( n/d ); /* Find remainder after dividing n by d. */ r = n - d * q; /* The next fraction is d/r. */ n = d; d = r; } if( n < 0.0 ) mtherr( "euclid", UNDERFLOW ); *num /= n; *den /= n; return( n ); }