=head1 NAME

e100boot - Network and serial port bootloader for the ETRAX100 CPU.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

B<e100boot> [B<--device> I<devicename>]
[B<--file> I<filename>|- I<addr> [I<size>]]
[B<--flash> I<ram-source> I<flash-offset> I<size>] [B<--pause> I<iter>]
[B<--memtest> I<addr> I<addr>] [B<--memclear> I<addr> I<addr>]
[B<--memdump> I<addr> I<addr>] [B<--setreg> I<addr>|I<regname> I<val>]
[B<--getreg> I<addr>|I<regname>] [B<--verify> I<addr> I<val>]
[B<--label> I<label>] [B<--loop> I<addr> I<label>] [B<--5400>] [B<--5600>]
[B<--testcard>] [B<--devboard>] [B<--testcardlx>] [B<--network>] [B<--serial>]
[B<--baudrate> I<baudrate>] [B<--bootfile> I<file>] [B<--jump> I<addr>]
[B<--tofiles>] [B<--cmdsonly>] [B<--images>] [B<--noleds>] [B<--help>]

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This boot loader facilitates loading of files over the network or a
serial port to an ETRAX100. It can also be used for fairly extensive
hardware debugging as you can read and write to any memory addresses,
including the ETRAX100 registers. You can also perform memory checks
and dumps and copy data to flash memories.

The first packet (or the first 784 bytes in the case of serial boot)
sent to Etrax100 is loaded into the cache. The code in this packet is
executed and loads the rest of the boot loader into the cache. The
cache is the only thing we can be sure of exists on all ETRAX100
products, so the boot loader is limited to the size of the cache,
8KB. If further boot loading code is needed you have to set up
external memory and load another boot loader into it, but this is
rarely needed.

Two programs are involved in this boot loading, one is the program on
your workstation that sends the packets to ETRAX100, this is called
the server boot loader or SBL. The other program is the one in
ETRAX100 that receives packets from the SBL and acts upon the data
therein, this is called the client boot loader or CBL.

We don't want to edit and recompile the CBL each time we want to load
level two to different parts of memory, like we do on different
products. We also want to change things like the setup of external
memory before we load data into it. To make the boot loading as
flexible as possible and separate the CBL from level two we send a
configuration packet to it. After this packet we load other files, if
we want to.

The configuration packet can contain information to the CBL which lets
you: initialize external memory, read and write to all ETRAX100
registers, read and write to any part of memory, load as many other
files as you like to any part of memory you like, etc. The
configuration packet is generated on the fly by the SBL.

Since the CBL is unaware of which product it will be loaded on, it
doesn't do product specific initialization like setting up the
memory. This must be done with the configuration packet.

=head2 Debugging printout

When doing network boot the debugging printout from the CBL in ETRAX
is transmitted back over the network and printed by e100boot. When
doing serial boot that interface will be used. So in either case you
will not need any other software or hardware to receive the debugging
printout.

=head2 Creating binaries

The files containing code to be loaded on the ETRAX100 must be
stripped using the standard GCC binutils.

=head2 How it works, things you don't want to know.

ack, timeout bla, bla... RTFS.

=head2 Compilation and code

Noteworthy is that two separate ETRAX100 binaries are created, one for
network boot and one for serial boot. They actually contain exactly
the same code, but linked in different order. This is because the code
to load the rest of the bootloader over a specific interface must be
contained in the first data sent to the ETRAX100 and it is too
difficult to cram the code for both interfaces in the beginning of the
same binary. Hence two files.

Other stuff you don't want to know is that the cache is mapped from
0x380000f0 to 0x380020f0. Code starts at the first address followed by
data up to the symbol I<Ebss>. At the other end is the buffer for boot
commands (addresses defined by I<IO_BUF_START> and I<IO_BUF_END> below
which the stack lies and hopefully the stack and I<Ebss> will never
meet...

The serial data is loaded from 0x380000f0 to 0x380003ff before
execution starts.

=head1 OPTIONS

The options are done in the order specified on the command line, so
you probably want to do any memory setup before loading a file to the
memory, and you probably do not want to perform a memory test after
you have loaded a file to that memory.

All addresses and sizes must be in hex with optional '0x' prefix, or a
ETRAX100 register name. Since the B<--setreg> and B<--getreg> options
only can be performed on dword aligned dwords only the registers that
conform to this can be named.

Note also that all addresses must be in uncached memory (bit 31 set),
as the bootloader lies in the cache. If you access any uncached
address during boot, the bootloader will be destroyed without warning.

It is also possible to specify an address as I<+address>, in which
case it is considered to be relative to I<IO_BUF_START>. This is
especially useful in combination with the B<--loop> option below.

=over 4

=item B<--baudrate> I<baudrate>

Set baudrate for files loaded after the boot loader.

=item B<--bootfile> I<filename>

Which boot image to send to ETRAX instead of the default ones.

=item B<--cmdsonly>

Write the commands to file e100boot.cmds.

=item B<--devboard>

Sets registers for the developer board.

=item B<--device> I<devicename>

Which device to send packets on. For network boot the default is
eth0. For serial boot it is ttyS0.

=item B<--file> I<filename>|- I<address> [I<size>]

The file to load and the address to load it to. If file is loaded on
stdin, specify filename '-' followed by a size. Size need only be
given in this case. You can load as many files as you want, each
specified with a B<--file>.

=item B<--flash> I<ram-source flash-offset size>

Copies the specified RAM area to the flash.

=item B<--getreg> I<address>|I<regname>

Print value of memory location. Must be uncached address.

=item B<--help>

Print the help information.

=item B<--images>

Print information about the internal boot images, then exit.

=item B<--jump> I<address>

Jump to specified address.

=item B<--label> I<label>

Define a label to be used as target by the B<--loop> command. This
command is only used by the SBL to calculate the address for the
B<--loop> and does not take up any space in the configuration packet.

=item B<--loop> I<check-address label>

If the contents of check-address is nonzero it is decremented and the
command parser continues parsing at the label.

If no external memory is initialized yet it can be convenient to use
an address in the area occupied by the configuration packet. Run
e100boot with B<--help> to see which addresses the commands are stored
at. The size of the commands are four bytes for each command plus four
bytes per argument to the command.

=item B<--memclear> I<start-address end-address>

Clears the specified memory area.

=item B<--memdump> I<start-address end-address>

Prints the contents of the specified memory area.

=item B<--memtest> I<start-address end-address>

Does a fairly extensive test of the specified memory area. Not only
catches defect memories but also catches things like wrong memory
setups where memory addresses are mirrored onto each other.

=item B<--network>

Perform a network boot.

=item B<--noleds>

When using the internal images use a version that does not toggle
general port PA or PB in ETRAX during the boot procedure.

=item B<--pause> I<iterations>

How many I<iterations> to do of an empty loop.

=item B<--serial>

Do a serial boot.

=item B<--setreg> I<address>|I<regname> I<value>

Load dword to dword aligned memory location.

=item B<--testcard>

Configures the memories for the ETRAX 100 testcard.

=item B<--testcardlx>

Configures the memories for the ETRAX100 LX testcard.

=item B<--tofiles>

Write packets to files e100boot.seq[0..]. Does not transmit the data.

=item B<--verify> I<address value>

Verify that memory contains dword. If not loader will stop. This is to
avoid booting the wrong unit. If you have the units ethernet address
in the flash memory you can check for that.

=item B<--5400>

Sets R_WAITSTATES, R_DRAM_TIMING and R_DRAM_CONFIG for the 5400
printserver.

=item B<--5600>

Sets R_WAITSTATES, R_DRAM_TIMING and R_DRAM_CONFIG for the 5600
printserver.

=back

=head1 EXAMPLES

If you have a stripped binary (file.ima) linked to 0x08000000 that you want
to boot via the network, do this:

B<e100boot --file file.ima 88000000 --jump 08000000>

Or something like this. Sets waitstates to zero and loads two files,
the first from stdin:

B<cat file.ima | e100boot --memtest 88000000 8801ffff --memclear
88000000 8801ffff --setreg b0000000 0 --getreg b0000000 --file -
88000000 a000 --file file2.ima 88010000 --memdump 88000000 880000ff
--jump 08000000>

Or this, enables 16 bit parallel port and flashes the led on PA0:

B<e100boot --testcardlx --setreg R_PORT_PA_SET 0x00000000 --setreg
R_GEN_CONFIG 0x80000004 --setreg R_PAR0_CONFIG 0x00000200 --setreg
R_PORT_G_DATA 0x00000000 --pause 0x02000000 --setreg R_PORT_G_DATA
0xffffffff --pause 0x02000000 --setreg R_PORT_G_DATA 0x00000000 --loop
0x38001e0b 0x38001e60>

Setup the memory, test the SRAM, print the contents of the first 256
bytes of SRAM, clear SRAM, test the DRAM, print R_DMA_CH0_CMD, load a
file to SRAM, load another file to SRAM, load file to DRAM, jump to
code in SRAM.

B<e100boot --setreg b0000000 1000 --setreg b0000008 00006543 --setreg
b000000c 12966060 --memtest 88000000 80000 --memdump 88000000 880000ff
--memclear 88000000 80000 --memtest c0000000 400000 --getreg b00001d0
--file file1.ima 88000000 --file file2.ima 88010000 --file file3.ima
c0000000 --jump 88000000>

Boot Linux on the testcard.

B<e100boot --setreg b0000000 1000 --setreg b0000008 6557 --setreg
b000000c 1b988080 --file timage c0000500 --jump 40000500>

Booting over serial port and using labels to flash the leds on port
PA.

B<e100boot --serial --device /dev/ttyS1 --baudrate 9600 --label first
--setreg 0x380020e0 00000001 --setreg R_PORT_PA_SET 0x0000ff00 --pause
0x02000000 --setreg R_PORT_PA_SET 0x0000ffff --pause 0x02000000 --loop
0x380020e0 first>

=head1 BUGS

You're kidding, right? Check L<AUTHOR|"AUTHOR"> below. The only thing
would be the hubris of the author, but that I consider a feature. If
you find any other 'features' report them to
technology@axis.com. Don't bother the author directly, he is busy
playing PlayStation2.

=head1 COPYING

Copyright © 1996-2002 Axis Communications AB.

=head1 AUTHOR

Written by Ronny Ranerup.

=head1 SEE ALSO

The fine source, which you can get at http://developer.axis.com.